Examinando por Autor "Fall, Leonor"
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- ÍtemRestringidoDesigning and construction of improved wood stoves for rural areas of Senegal and Kenya(Universidad EARTH, 2016-12) Fall, LeonorIn Kenya and Senegal, charcoal and firewood are the cheapest and most commonly used fuels for the households. More than 95 % of rural populations there still rely on theses fuels in order to fulfill their needs of energy for cooking and heating. However, inefficient traditional cooking stoves causes incomplete combustion of firewood with the emissions of toxic fumes and gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and other small particles such as particulate matter (PM) that affect human health, cause diseases like acute lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and lung cancer. The objective of this project is to design and construct an improved wood stove for rural areas of Senegal and Kenya. The following parameters were evaluated through a laboratory based water-boiling test (WBT): emission rate of CO, PM and CO2, time to boil 2 L of water and quantity of fuel used. The investigation also incorporated a survey and a detailed socioeconomic analysis of rural families in the study areas and an environmental impact of wood stoves. With regards of the results, the designed stove without water in the water jacket with a chimney had CO indoor emissions of 3.33 g/min. The designed stove with water in the water jacket and with a chimney had CO emissions of 3.24 g/min. The designed stove with water in the water jacket without chimney had an indoor CO emission of 1.61 g/min. The designed stove without water in water jacket and without chimney had an indoor CO emission of 1.77 g/min. The designed stove without water in the water jacket with a chimney had a PM indoor emission of 49.2 mg/min. The designed stove with water in the water jacket and with a chimney had PM indoor emissions of 41.2 mg/min. The designed stove with water in the water jacket without chimney had an indoor PM emission of 20.5 mg/min. The designed stove without water in water jacket and without chimney had an indoor PM emission of 18.4 mg/min. The stove emitted less CO2 when it was tested without water in the water jacket and without chimney. In terms of fuel efficiency, the stove performs better, when it has neither water in the water jacket nor a chimney as it used 1980 g to boil 2 L of water