Estudios de poblaciones de hongos endofíticos en sistema de barbecho, orgánico y renovación en fincas comerciales de banano.
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2018-12
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Universidad EARTH
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo investigar las poblaciones de hongos endofíticos en tres sistemas de producción de bananos: renovación, orgánico y en barbecho. Las variables evaluadas fueron el porcentaje de colonización de raíces por hongos endofíticos y la diversidad de los aislamientos de hongos en cada sistema. Las variables de salud radical evaluadas fueron el índice de salud radical (ISR), el índice de necrosis (IN), el peso de raíces funcionales (PRF), el peso de raíces muertas (PRM), el peso total de las raíces (PT), el porcentaje de raíces funcionales (% RF), el porcentaje de raíces muertas (% RM) y el diámetro de raíces (RØ). Asimismo se evaluó la población de fitonematodos en los tres sistemas. La cantidad de aislamientos de hongos del sistema orgánico y de barbecho fue mayor que la de renovación. En total se obtuvieron 130 aislamientos de hongos endofíticos de los tres sistemas: 53 aislamientos del sistema orgánico, 44 de barbecho y 33 de renovación. Los resultados de la colonización de la raíz por hongos endófitos fueron mayores en el sistema orgánico (65 %) y de barbecho (64 %) en comparación con el sistema de renovación (47 %). El índice de salud radical (ISR) por sistema mostró diferencias significativas (p<0.05), donde el barbecho fue el más alto con ISR de 78 %, seguido por orgánico con 72 % comparado con renovación que presento un ISR de 52 %. La población de fitonematodos por sistema también mostró diferencias significativas (p<0.05), siendo Radopholus similis el nematodo más predominante seguido de Meloidogyne incognita y Helicotylenchus multicintus. El sistema de renovación presentó la mayor población de R. similis con 18 833 R. similis en comparación con el de barbecho con 3833 R. similis. Asimismo, la cantidad total de fitonematodos fue más bajo en el sistema de barbecho con un promedio de 5266 nematodos de raíces y más alto en el sistema de renovación con un promedio de 27 466 nematodos. Esta investigación presenta un potencial importante para los sistemas de barbecho y orgánico como fuente de microorganismos benéficos así como sus implicaciones para el desarrollo y comercialización de endófitos para el control biológico de plagas y la biofertilización de plantas. Por lo tanto, se recomienda realizar más investigaciones sobre los prospectos aislados para investigar sus efectos en la supresión de nematodos en el cultivo de banano así como su efecto en la promoción de crecimiento del banano y otros cultivos.
The present research study aimed to investigate the endophytic fungi populations in three different banana production systems: renovation, organic and fallow. The variables evaluated were the percentage of colonization of roots by endophytic fungi and the diversity of fungal isolations from each system. The root health variables evaluated were root health index (RHI), necrosis index (NI), functional root weight (FRW), necrotic root weight (NRW), total root weight (TRW), percentage of functional roots (% FR), percentage of necrotic root (% NR) and root diameter (RØ). The population of plant parasitic nematodes was also registered and evaluated in the three systems. The amount of fungal isolates from the organic and fallow system was higher than that from renovation. In total 130 fungal isolates were recovered from the three systems. 53 isolates were obtained from the organic system, 44 from fallow and just 33 from renovation. The results of root colonization by endophytic fungi were higher in the organic (65 %) and fallow (64 %) systems compared to the renovation (47 %) system. The root health index (RHI) per system showed significant differences (p<0.05), where fallow was the highest with RHI of 78 %, followed by organic with 71.95% compared to renovation with RHI 52 %. The population of plant parasitic nematodes per system also showed significant differences (p<0.05), with Radopholus similis being the most predominant nematode followed by Meloidogyne incognita y Helicotylenchus multicintus. The commercial renovation system showed the highest population of R. similis with 18 833 R. similis compared to fallow with 3833 R. similis. Likewise, the total number of plant parasitic nematodes was lowest in the fallow system with an average of 5266 nematodes and highest in the commercial renovation system with an average of 27 466 nematodes. This research presents an important potential for fallow and organic systems as source for recovering endophytes, as well as their implications for the development and commercialization of endophytes for pest biocontrol and plant biofertilisation. Thus further research should be done on the prospect fungal isolates to investigate their effects on the suppression of the nematode community as well as their effect on the plant growth promotion in different crops.
The present research study aimed to investigate the endophytic fungi populations in three different banana production systems: renovation, organic and fallow. The variables evaluated were the percentage of colonization of roots by endophytic fungi and the diversity of fungal isolations from each system. The root health variables evaluated were root health index (RHI), necrosis index (NI), functional root weight (FRW), necrotic root weight (NRW), total root weight (TRW), percentage of functional roots (% FR), percentage of necrotic root (% NR) and root diameter (RØ). The population of plant parasitic nematodes was also registered and evaluated in the three systems. The amount of fungal isolates from the organic and fallow system was higher than that from renovation. In total 130 fungal isolates were recovered from the three systems. 53 isolates were obtained from the organic system, 44 from fallow and just 33 from renovation. The results of root colonization by endophytic fungi were higher in the organic (65 %) and fallow (64 %) systems compared to the renovation (47 %) system. The root health index (RHI) per system showed significant differences (p<0.05), where fallow was the highest with RHI of 78 %, followed by organic with 71.95% compared to renovation with RHI 52 %. The population of plant parasitic nematodes per system also showed significant differences (p<0.05), with Radopholus similis being the most predominant nematode followed by Meloidogyne incognita y Helicotylenchus multicintus. The commercial renovation system showed the highest population of R. similis with 18 833 R. similis compared to fallow with 3833 R. similis. Likewise, the total number of plant parasitic nematodes was lowest in the fallow system with an average of 5266 nematodes and highest in the commercial renovation system with an average of 27 466 nematodes. This research presents an important potential for fallow and organic systems as source for recovering endophytes, as well as their implications for the development and commercialization of endophytes for pest biocontrol and plant biofertilisation. Thus further research should be done on the prospect fungal isolates to investigate their effects on the suppression of the nematode community as well as their effect on the plant growth promotion in different crops.
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HONGOS ENTOMOGENOS, BANANOS, MUSA (BANANOS), NEMATODOS PARASITOS DE PLANTAS