Determinación de curvas de absorción de nutrientes en el cultivo de fruta pan (Artocarpus altilis).
Fecha
2021-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Se elaboraron curvas de absorción de nutrientes para el cultivo de fruta pan (var. Ulu fiti) en una plantación establecida. Para obtenerlas se determinó la concentración de nutrientes en tres tejidos vegetales (joven, maduro y fruto). Se realizó una extrapolación para conocer el incrementó en biomasa que presentó el árbol durante el periodo de investigación. Estos valores se utilizaron para estimar la absorción de los nutrientes. Durante la floración y el llenado de frutos, se dio una translocación de muchos nutrientes de los tejidos a los frutos. En total las cantidades de nutrientes absorbidas por hectárea fueron: 704,64 kg/ha de N, 78,53 kg/ha de P, 497,05 kg/ha de K, 271,05 kg/ha de Ca, 210,38 kg/ha de Mg, 71,26 kg/ha de S, 4304,93 g/ha de Fe, 223,70 g/ha de Cu, 753,40 g/ha de Zn, 955,06 g/ha de Mn, 870,52 g/ha de B y 1304,25 g/ha de Na. En agosto se presentó la mayor absorción para N, P, K y la menor absorción en diciembre. Se mostraron diferencias significativas entre las concentraciones de nutrientes en los tejidos y variaciones entre los meses evaluados. Con la demanda de nutrientes exportados por los frutos (cosecha), y sin tomar en cuenta las concentraciones de nutrientes en el suelo se realizó una sugerencia de fertilización convencional y orgánica para optimizar su producción, los nutrientes más exportados en mayor cantidad fueron el N, K, B, Zn y Na. Las variedades Ulu fiti y Bounty son importantes para la comercialización, debido a esto se evaluó la composición química de los frutos de estas dos variedades para conocer los requerimientos nutricionales. En la var. Ulu fiti se comprobó una mayor concentración de nutrientes en los frutos pequeños y grandes en comparación de la Bounty. Para los productores de fruta pan conocer los requerimientos de nutrientes en las plantas permite aumentar la producción y el uso eficiente de los recursos.
Nutrient uptake curves were elaborated for an established breadfruit (var. Ulu fiti) plantation. The nutrient concentration in three plant tissues (young, mature and fruit) was determined and an extrapolation was made to get the values of dry matter produced by plant growth. Hence the absorption of nutrients was estimated for the investigation period. During flowering and fruit development, there was translocation of many nutrients from the leaves to the fruits. The total amounts of nutrients absorbed per hectare were: 704,64 kg/ha of N, 78,53 kg/ha of P, 497,05 kg/ha of K, 271,05 kg/ha of Ca, 210,38 kg/ha of Mg, 71,26 kg/ha of S, 4304,93 g/ha of Fe, 223,70 g/ha of Cu, 753,40 g/ha of Zn, 955,06 g/ha of Mn, 870,52 g/ha of B and 1304,25 g/ha of Na. The highest absorption for N, P, K was seen in August, and the month with lowest absorption was December. There were significant differences in the nutrient concentration within tissues and among the months evaluated. The values obtained from the nutrients exported by the fruits during harvest was used to suggest a conventional and an organic fertilization was made to optimize its production, however the concentration of nutrients present in the soil was not considered in the fertilization. The most exported nutrients were N, K, B, Zn and Na. The Ulu fiti and Bounty varieties are important for commercialization, for this reason the chemical composition of the fruits of these two varieties was evaluated to know the nutritional requirements. Ulu fiti had a higher concentration of nutrients in small and large fruits when compared to Bounty. For breadfruit producers, knowing the nutrient requirements in plants allows increasing production and efficient use of resources.
Nutrient uptake curves were elaborated for an established breadfruit (var. Ulu fiti) plantation. The nutrient concentration in three plant tissues (young, mature and fruit) was determined and an extrapolation was made to get the values of dry matter produced by plant growth. Hence the absorption of nutrients was estimated for the investigation period. During flowering and fruit development, there was translocation of many nutrients from the leaves to the fruits. The total amounts of nutrients absorbed per hectare were: 704,64 kg/ha of N, 78,53 kg/ha of P, 497,05 kg/ha of K, 271,05 kg/ha of Ca, 210,38 kg/ha of Mg, 71,26 kg/ha of S, 4304,93 g/ha of Fe, 223,70 g/ha of Cu, 753,40 g/ha of Zn, 955,06 g/ha of Mn, 870,52 g/ha of B and 1304,25 g/ha of Na. The highest absorption for N, P, K was seen in August, and the month with lowest absorption was December. There were significant differences in the nutrient concentration within tissues and among the months evaluated. The values obtained from the nutrients exported by the fruits during harvest was used to suggest a conventional and an organic fertilization was made to optimize its production, however the concentration of nutrients present in the soil was not considered in the fertilization. The most exported nutrients were N, K, B, Zn and Na. The Ulu fiti and Bounty varieties are important for commercialization, for this reason the chemical composition of the fruits of these two varieties was evaluated to know the nutritional requirements. Ulu fiti had a higher concentration of nutrients in small and large fruits when compared to Bounty. For breadfruit producers, knowing the nutrient requirements in plants allows increasing production and efficient use of resources.
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FRUTA DE PAN, ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS, NUTRICION DE LAS PLANTAS, ABSORCION DE NUTRIMENTOS, FERTILIZACION