Alternativas y soluciones para los retos de la apicultura del trópico húmedo, Limón, Costa Rica.
Fecha
2021-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Este proyecto nace con la iniciativa de generar información que permita generar un mejor desarrollo de la apicultura en la provincia de Limón donde se promueva una apicultura tropical que busque el bienestar de las abejas y una producción apícola más sostenible. Las abejas cumplen un papel importante para el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas tropicales en la provincia de Limón, así como la responsabilidad de la polinización de la mayoría de los cultivos de los cuales nos alimentamos diariamente. Por muchos años la apicultura se ha desarrollado bajo un enfoque más productivo que de conservación inclusive muchas prácticas apícolas han significado perjudiciales para producciones apícolas. Por esta razón en este proyecto se establece un ensayo como una posible alternativa de colmenas para aplicar en el trópico húmedo, el objetivo de estas colmenas es evaluar la adaptabilidad de la abeja Apis mellifera en el trópico húmedo bajo un sistema de colmenas cilíndricas que se adapten más a la forma de vida natural de las abejas y estableciendo estas como una posible solución productiva y natural para el desarrollo apícola en el trópico húmedo. Para el ensayo se construyeron colmenas cilíndricas de yeso, de tronco y de cesto y la colmena Langstroth como control. Además, se estableció una nueva metodología para movilizar los panales de una colonia a estas nuevas colmenas la cual resultó muy útil para las reglas porta cera construidas. A la hora de la evaluación y toma de datos, gran parte de las colmenas se habían ido por lo que se hizo imposible la toma de datos. Por esto surge una nueva alternativa de solución a los retos de la apicultura en la provincia de Limón por medio de la realización de entrevistas a cuatro apicultores con algunos años de experiencia en el desarrollo de la apicultura en esta región del país y en base a sus experiencias y retos se generó un manual con información útil para promover un desarrollo más amigable con las abejas.
This project was started with the initiative to generate information that permits the development of more sustainable tropical apiarian production, which looks for the wellbeing of bees in the province of Limón. Bees fulfill a crucial role in the maintenance of tropical ecosystems in the province of Limón and are responsible for the majority of pollination in the crops with which we feed ourselves everyday. For many years, apiculture has development under a productive focus rather than a conservation approach. This includes many agricultural practices that have proved detrimental to apiarian production. For this reason, this project establishes an experiment to test possible alternative beehives for application in the humid tropics. The objective of these beehives is to evaluate the adaptability of Apis mellifera in the humid tropics to systems based on cylindrical beehives which adapt more to the natural behavior and environment of bees, establishing these and a possible productive and natural solution to apiarian development in the humid tropics. For the experiment, beehive structures were built from plaster, hay, and out of tree trunks, respectively. A typical Langstroth beehive was used as a control. In addition, a new methodology was established to move the honeycomb sections from a natural colony to these new alternative beehives, which facilitated the attachment of the honeycombs to the frames. At the moment of data collection and evaluation, the large majority of the bees had left the beehives, which made data collection an impossibility. Because of this, an alternative solution to the challenges of apiculture in the province of Limón became necessary. This was accomplished through interviews with four beekeepers with several years of experience in apiarian development in the region, which were used to develop a manual with useful information to promote a more bee-friendly apiculture.
This project was started with the initiative to generate information that permits the development of more sustainable tropical apiarian production, which looks for the wellbeing of bees in the province of Limón. Bees fulfill a crucial role in the maintenance of tropical ecosystems in the province of Limón and are responsible for the majority of pollination in the crops with which we feed ourselves everyday. For many years, apiculture has development under a productive focus rather than a conservation approach. This includes many agricultural practices that have proved detrimental to apiarian production. For this reason, this project establishes an experiment to test possible alternative beehives for application in the humid tropics. The objective of these beehives is to evaluate the adaptability of Apis mellifera in the humid tropics to systems based on cylindrical beehives which adapt more to the natural behavior and environment of bees, establishing these and a possible productive and natural solution to apiarian development in the humid tropics. For the experiment, beehive structures were built from plaster, hay, and out of tree trunks, respectively. A typical Langstroth beehive was used as a control. In addition, a new methodology was established to move the honeycomb sections from a natural colony to these new alternative beehives, which facilitated the attachment of the honeycombs to the frames. At the moment of data collection and evaluation, the large majority of the bees had left the beehives, which made data collection an impossibility. Because of this, an alternative solution to the challenges of apiculture in the province of Limón became necessary. This was accomplished through interviews with four beekeepers with several years of experience in apiarian development in the region, which were used to develop a manual with useful information to promote a more bee-friendly apiculture.
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APICULTURA, ABEJAS, APIS MELLIFERA, TROPICOS HUMEDOS