Evaluación de microbiota degradadora de poliestireno presente en el sistema digestivo de Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).
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2020-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Con el objetivo de encontrar una solución sostenible y eco-amigable a la degradación de plástico, se realizaron varias evaluaciones de la microbiota de las larvas de Tenebrio molitor, para determinar la capacidad de degradación del poliestireno por medio de las bacterias y hongos presentes en el sistema digestivo de la misma. Dentro de esta investigación se abarcaron ciertos procesos fisiológicos de las larvas, para conocer el efecto de las dietas a base de poliestireno como única fuente de carbono para las larvas (tratamiento I), comparándolos con dietas combinadas de concentrado + poliestireno (tratamiento II) y dietas a base de concentrado únicamente (control). En el estudio se logró determinar y cuantificar el consumo de PS durante un mes dentro de las condiciones de dietas antes mencionadas, dando como resultado un consumo promedio de 0,04542 g por larva, para el tratamiento I y 0,02599 g para el tratamiento II, equivalente a un 4,58 % y un 2,56 % del total del PS provisto. Dentro de las pruebas de tinción de Gram, se encontró que el 90 % de las bacterias eran Gram negativas, un 8 % Gram positivas y un 2 % no se logró identificar claramente, para la primera parte del ensayo. En la segunda parte se encontraron un 67 % de Gram negativas, un 16 % de Gram positivas, 12 % de mixtas y un 5 % no se logró identificar claramente; dentro de las morfologías, se observaron bacilos, estreptobacilos, cocos y estreptococos. Por parte de las bacterias no se encontraron efectos sobre el PS, en el caso de los hongos se observó una propagación sobre la superficie del PS por hongos de género Penicillium. Por último, se enviaron las heces de las larvas del tratamiento I, II y del testigo II, para un análisis infrarrojo (FTIR) al laboratorio LANOTEC, determinándose que el espectro de ondas emitidas por los tratamientos y el testigo no se parecen al emitido por compuestos similares al poliestireno que el laboratorio utilizó para fines comparativos, sugiriéndose que las larvas están aprovechando el PS por no presentar similitud de ondas.
With the aim of finding a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to plastic degradation, an evaluation of the microbiota of Tenebrio molitor larvae was carried out to determine their degradation capacity of polystyrene through the agency of bacteria and fungi present in the larva´s gut. The research covered certain physiological processes of the larvae, in order to understand the effect of a polystyrene-based diet, having PS as the only carbon source for the larvae (treatment I), and comparing it with combined diets of food concentrate + polystyrene (treatment II), and a diet based only on food concentrate (control). During the study, it was possible to determine and quantify the average consumption of PS in a month within the conditions of the aforementioned diets, resulting in a consumption of 0.04542 g per larva, for treatment I and 0, 02599 g for treatment II, equivalent to 4.58 % and 2.56 % of the total PS provided. On the other hand, it was found that 90 % of the bacteria were Gram negative, 8 % Gram positive and 2 % could not be identified. In the second part of the trial, 67 % were Gram negative, 16 % Gram positive, 12% mixed and 5% could not be identified; morphologically, bacilli, streptobacilli, cocci and streptococci were observed. The bacteria did not affect the PS, in the case of the fungi a spread was observed on the surface of the PS by fungi of the genus Penicillium. Finally, feces of the larvae from treatment I, II and control II were sent for an infrared analysis (FTIR) at the LANOTEC laboratory, indicating that the wave-spectrum emitted by the treatments and the control do not resemble the one emitted by compounds similar to polystyrene, which the laboratory used as a comparison, suggesting that the larvae are processing the PS.
With the aim of finding a sustainable and eco-friendly solution to plastic degradation, an evaluation of the microbiota of Tenebrio molitor larvae was carried out to determine their degradation capacity of polystyrene through the agency of bacteria and fungi present in the larva´s gut. The research covered certain physiological processes of the larvae, in order to understand the effect of a polystyrene-based diet, having PS as the only carbon source for the larvae (treatment I), and comparing it with combined diets of food concentrate + polystyrene (treatment II), and a diet based only on food concentrate (control). During the study, it was possible to determine and quantify the average consumption of PS in a month within the conditions of the aforementioned diets, resulting in a consumption of 0.04542 g per larva, for treatment I and 0, 02599 g for treatment II, equivalent to 4.58 % and 2.56 % of the total PS provided. On the other hand, it was found that 90 % of the bacteria were Gram negative, 8 % Gram positive and 2 % could not be identified. In the second part of the trial, 67 % were Gram negative, 16 % Gram positive, 12% mixed and 5% could not be identified; morphologically, bacilli, streptobacilli, cocci and streptococci were observed. The bacteria did not affect the PS, in the case of the fungi a spread was observed on the surface of the PS by fungi of the genus Penicillium. Finally, feces of the larvae from treatment I, II and control II were sent for an infrared analysis (FTIR) at the LANOTEC laboratory, indicating that the wave-spectrum emitted by the treatments and the control do not resemble the one emitted by compounds similar to polystyrene, which the laboratory used as a comparison, suggesting that the larvae are processing the PS.
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PLASTICOS, BIODEGRADACION, TENEBRIO MOLITOR, POLIETILENO