Construcción de un horno artesanal para la cocción de biofiltros de arcilla.
Fecha
2019-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Países como Perú y Costa Rica fabrican biofiltros para la filtración de agua, los cuales tienen alto contenido de arcilla. La arcilla se somete a cocción, siendo la temperatura ideal de 950 °C. Para que este proceso se lleve a cabo es importante el uso de un horno artesanal. Para que los biofiltros se horneen adecuadamente, el horno debe almacenar el calor internamente y de manera homogénea hasta alcanzar los 950 °C. Para que se pueda cumplir este objetivo es necesario que el horno este construido con materiales aislantes, pero también resistentes a altas temperaturas. Este trabajo de investigación desarrolló un horno artesanal para la cocción de biofiltros de arcilla. Mediante el diseño y construcción del horno se puede evaluar la eficiencia y el costo del horno. Se usó la madera de Hieronyma alchorneoides, como combustible. Los diferentes resultados nos permiten concluir que se puede diseñar y construir un horno de doble cámara a un costo de USD 3908.21. Al concluir con las pruebas de eficiencia se demostró que el horno almacena la temperatura suficiente para la cocción de los biofiltros. Además, los diferentes materiales están disponibles en los países de Costa Rica y Perú y tiene un costo accesible en las comunidades rurales con el apoyo de ONG’s o instituciones que les interese apoyar con la fabricación de biofiltros y obtener un agua de mejor calidad.
Countries such as Peru and Costa Rica produce biofilters for water filtration, made with a high content of clay. The clay-based biofilters require firing, ideally at a consistent temperature, and the stove must maintain the heat internally, in a homogeneous way up, in order to reach 950 °C. In order to reach 950 °C it is necessary to construct the stove using insulating materials that are also resistant to high temperatures. This research designed and constructed a handmade stove for the cooking of clay biofilters. After establishing a design and successful construction of the stove, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the stove and the cost of construction. Fuel wood of Hieronyma alchorneoides was utilized for efficiency testing. The results demonstrate that it is possible to design and to construct a stove of double cabin at a cost of USD 3908.21. The efficiency tests demonstrated that the stove could reach and maintain the high temperature required for the cooking of the clay biofilters. In addition, the different materials are available in both Costa Rica and Peru, at an accessible cost for rural communities or individuals with the support of NGO's or government institutions that may be able to support the production of clay biofilters in order to obtain improved water quality.
Countries such as Peru and Costa Rica produce biofilters for water filtration, made with a high content of clay. The clay-based biofilters require firing, ideally at a consistent temperature, and the stove must maintain the heat internally, in a homogeneous way up, in order to reach 950 °C. In order to reach 950 °C it is necessary to construct the stove using insulating materials that are also resistant to high temperatures. This research designed and constructed a handmade stove for the cooking of clay biofilters. After establishing a design and successful construction of the stove, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the stove and the cost of construction. Fuel wood of Hieronyma alchorneoides was utilized for efficiency testing. The results demonstrate that it is possible to design and to construct a stove of double cabin at a cost of USD 3908.21. The efficiency tests demonstrated that the stove could reach and maintain the high temperature required for the cooking of the clay biofilters. In addition, the different materials are available in both Costa Rica and Peru, at an accessible cost for rural communities or individuals with the support of NGO's or government institutions that may be able to support the production of clay biofilters in order to obtain improved water quality.
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HORNOS, FILTROS, ARCILLA, PURIFICACION DEL AGUA, FILTRACION