Manejo del apiario para la obtención y caracterización de propóleos en la Universidad EARTH.
Fecha
2018-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El hombre ha sabido hacer uso de todas las sustancias presentes en las colmenas de abejas (polen, miel, jalea real, apitoxina, cera y propóleos), pero para saber cómo obtener cada una de estas sustancias de una manera fácil y sin hacer daño a estos increíbles insectos, existe un arduo trabajo realizado por las abejas y sus apicultores. Ser apicultor no es fácil ya que siempre estará en constante aprendizaje, y sujeto a nuevos retos, como es el caso de este estudio, que el día previsto para iniciar el proyecto, al llegar al apiario se evidencio un ataque de hormigas soldado, pertenecientes a la familia Formicidae, del género Eciton, estas ocasionaron graves problemas y nos obligaron a aplazar el estudio y hacer cambios en los objetivos. Mediante este estudio se realizó la construcción de colectores de propóleos inteligentes (CPI) con la finalidad de producir y comparar propóleos obtenidos mediante las rejillas de plástico, que es la más común y conocida por los apicultores. Luego se caracterizó propóleos proviniendo de dos apiarios ubicados en diferentes fincas de la Universidad EARTH, la caracterización realizada fue física (mediante análisis organoléptico con 15 panelistas) y química (mediante contenido de fenoles totales). Como resultado de este estudio se encontró gran variación en cuanto a características organolépticas y contenido total de fenoles a pesar de que los propóleos estudiados se encuentran dentro de la universidad, por ende se puede decir que se encuentran relativamente cerca. Por otra parte los resultados obtenidos en la comparación de los dos diferentes métodos de extracción, CPI y rejillas de plástico demostraron que ninguno de los dos alcanzaron los promedios de producción reportados en la literatura, esto se debe a que los promedios de precipitación en estos meses fueron los más altos del año y las colmenas no fueron lo suficientemente populosas como para obtener una gran producción, en cuanto a la calidad y tiempo, los propóleos producidos mediante CPI fue mejor que la producida en rejillas de plástico.
Man has known how to use all the substances present in beehives (pollen, honey, royal jelly, apitoxin, wax and propolis), but in order to know how to obtain each of these substances in an easy way and without hurting these incredible insects, there is an arduous work done by bees and their beekeepers. Being a beekeeper is not easy because they are always learning, confronting new challenges, as in the case of this study. The day planned to start the project, at the arrival to the apiary, it was under the attack of soldier ants, from Formicidae family, the genus Eciton. They caused serious problems and forced us to reformulate the objectives of our study. The construction of intelligent propolis collectors (CPI) with the aim of producing it and comparing it with the classic plastic grids’ propolis, which is the most common and known by beekeepers, was carried out. The physical characteristics of the propolis obtained was evaluated through an organoleptic analysis with 15 panellists and its chemical content (total phenols content). The results showed a great variation of organoleptic characteristics and total phenol content, even though both propolis were from the university, so they were relatively close. On the other hand, the results of the comparison of the two different methods of extraction, showed that neither of them reached the average production reported in the literature. This is due to the average rainfall in these months that were the highest of the year. Also, the hives were not populous enough to get a large production. At last but not least, the best propolis in terms of quality and time, was the one produced by the CPI.
Man has known how to use all the substances present in beehives (pollen, honey, royal jelly, apitoxin, wax and propolis), but in order to know how to obtain each of these substances in an easy way and without hurting these incredible insects, there is an arduous work done by bees and their beekeepers. Being a beekeeper is not easy because they are always learning, confronting new challenges, as in the case of this study. The day planned to start the project, at the arrival to the apiary, it was under the attack of soldier ants, from Formicidae family, the genus Eciton. They caused serious problems and forced us to reformulate the objectives of our study. The construction of intelligent propolis collectors (CPI) with the aim of producing it and comparing it with the classic plastic grids’ propolis, which is the most common and known by beekeepers, was carried out. The physical characteristics of the propolis obtained was evaluated through an organoleptic analysis with 15 panellists and its chemical content (total phenols content). The results showed a great variation of organoleptic characteristics and total phenol content, even though both propolis were from the university, so they were relatively close. On the other hand, the results of the comparison of the two different methods of extraction, showed that neither of them reached the average production reported in the literature. This is due to the average rainfall in these months that were the highest of the year. Also, the hives were not populous enough to get a large production. At last but not least, the best propolis in terms of quality and time, was the one produced by the CPI.
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ABEJAS, APIARIOS, PROPOLEOS, APIS MELLIFERA, EARTH