Extracción de gel péctico a partir de cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) como alternativa de aditivo para mermelada.
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2019-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue producir un gel péctico a partir de la cáscara de cacao, a través de tecnología limpia con la finalidad de utilizar como aditivo para la producción de mermeladas. La presente investigación tuvo como propósito, buscar una alternativa de aprovechamiento a la cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), que es un gran problema para las industrias cacaoteras, proponiéndola como fuente de pectina para la producción de un gel péctico a partir de la cáscara de cacao fresca (GMF) y a partir del polvo de cáscara de cacao (GMS) por un método único de hidrólisis ácida. Se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica de los geles producidos y se tomaron parámetros de calidad como determinación de cenizas, Peso Equivalente, Acidez libre (%), Contenido de metoxilo, Grado de Esterificación y Acido glactrónico (%). En este trabajo se obtuvo un peso equivalente de 607±64 (g/equivalente H) GMF y 2577±302 (g/equivalente H) GMS. Con respecto a la acidez libre dio valores de 1.66±0.18 (meq/g) para GMF y 0.39±0.04 (meq/g) GMS. El contenido de metoxilo para GMF fue de 4.48±0.18 % un valor menor al valor límite de referencia aceptable que es de un 7 %, mientras el GMS con un 9.01±0.59 %. El gel producido a partir de cáscara de cacao fresca presentó un grado de esterificación de un 46.6 % y el gel producido a partir de polvo de la cáscara de cacao presento un valor de 88.16 %, lo que lo clasifica como de alto grado de esterificación. Se produjo una mermelada para evaluar el rendimiento del gel producido a partir de cáscara de cacao seca, únicamente se usó este gel por su rendimiento, se adicionó 2 % con respecto a la masa de materia seca de gel en la mermelada que contuvo 30% del gel fresco, mientras, en la mermelada 50 % se añadió 3.3 % de gel con respeto a la materia seca. Además, la mermelada producida con un 30 % del gel tuvo preferencia general similar a la mermelada control (0% gel).
The objective of this work was to produce a pectic gel from the cocoa shell, through clean technology in order to use as an additive for the production of jams. The purpose of the present investigation was to look for an alternative use of the cocoa shell (Theobroma cacao L.), which is a big problem for the cocoa industries, proposing it as a source of pectin for the production of a pectic gel from the fresh cocoa shell (GMF) and from cocoa shell powder (GMS) by a unique method of acid hydrolysis. Physicochemical characterization of the gels produced was performed and quality parameters were taken such as ash determination, equivalent weight, free acidity (%), methoxyl content, degree of esterification and glactronic acid (%). In this work an equivalent weight of 607±64 (g / equivalent H) GMF and 2577±302 (g / equivalent H) GMS was obtained. Regarding free acidity, it gave values of 1.66±0.18 (meq / g) for GMF and 0.39±0.04 (meq / g) GMS. The methoxyl content for GMF was 4.48±0.18%, a value less than the acceptable reference limit value that is 7 %, while the GMS with 9.01±0.59 %. The gel produced from fresh cocoa shell presented an esterification grade of 46.6 % and the gel produced from cocoa shell powder presented a value of 88.16 %, which classifies it as a high degree of esterification. A jam was produced to evaluate the performance of the gel produced from dried cocoa shell, only this gel was used for its performance, 2 % was added with respect to the mass of dry gel material in the jam that contained 30 % of the fresh gel, while in the 50 % jam, 3.3 % gel was added with respect to the dry matter. In addition, the jam produced with 30 % of the gel had a general preference similar to the control jam (0% gel).
The objective of this work was to produce a pectic gel from the cocoa shell, through clean technology in order to use as an additive for the production of jams. The purpose of the present investigation was to look for an alternative use of the cocoa shell (Theobroma cacao L.), which is a big problem for the cocoa industries, proposing it as a source of pectin for the production of a pectic gel from the fresh cocoa shell (GMF) and from cocoa shell powder (GMS) by a unique method of acid hydrolysis. Physicochemical characterization of the gels produced was performed and quality parameters were taken such as ash determination, equivalent weight, free acidity (%), methoxyl content, degree of esterification and glactronic acid (%). In this work an equivalent weight of 607±64 (g / equivalent H) GMF and 2577±302 (g / equivalent H) GMS was obtained. Regarding free acidity, it gave values of 1.66±0.18 (meq / g) for GMF and 0.39±0.04 (meq / g) GMS. The methoxyl content for GMF was 4.48±0.18%, a value less than the acceptable reference limit value that is 7 %, while the GMS with 9.01±0.59 %. The gel produced from fresh cocoa shell presented an esterification grade of 46.6 % and the gel produced from cocoa shell powder presented a value of 88.16 %, which classifies it as a high degree of esterification. A jam was produced to evaluate the performance of the gel produced from dried cocoa shell, only this gel was used for its performance, 2 % was added with respect to the mass of dry gel material in the jam that contained 30 % of the fresh gel, while in the 50 % jam, 3.3 % gel was added with respect to the dry matter. In addition, the jam produced with 30 % of the gel had a general preference similar to the control jam (0% gel).
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PROCESAMIENTO DE ALIMENTOS, MERMELADA, CASCARAS DE CACAO, THEOBROMA CACAO, CACAO, ADITIVOS ALIMENTARIOS