Evaluación in vitro del efecto de extractos de propóleo sobre el hongo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Scrib.
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2021-12
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Universidad EARTH
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La antracnosis del frijol, causada por el hongo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, es una de las enfermedades fungosas más limitantes en este cultivo, el cual representa la leguminosa de mayor producción y consumo en el mundo y juega un papel importante en la dieta de gran parte de la población de muchos países en desarrollo. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la acción antifúngica in vitro de diferentes extractos de propóleo de Apis mellifera sobre el crecimiento del hongo C. lindemuthianum. Se evaluaron 13 tratamientos a saber, tres concentraciones de extracto de etanol (250 mg/L, 500 mg/L y 1000 mg/L), tres concentraciones de extracto de acetato de etilo (250 mg/L, 500 mg/L y 1000 mg/L), dos concentraciones de extracto de propilenglicol (con 2,5 mL y 5 mL de extracto respectivamente), tres disolventes (metanol, dimetilsulfóxido y propilenglicol), un testigo comercial (fungicida sintético) y el testigo absoluto. El propóleo utilizado se colectó en el Apiario Didáctico de la Universidad EARTH. Los diferentes extractos preparados se sometieron a un proceso de extracción (con su respectivo disolvente), maceración, filtración al vacío, y los extractos de etanol y acetato de etilo tuvieron un proceso adicional de evaporación al vacío y liofilización. El crecimiento diametral del hongo fue evaluado a intervalos de 24 horas por siete días, y se obtuvo un porcentaje de inhibición de 40,04 % para el tratamiento de etanol a 1000 mg/L a las 72 horas, 41,06 % y 38,73 % para los tratamientos de etanol a 250 mg/L y propilenglicol con 5 mL de extracto, respectivamente, a las 168 horas. Los disolventes evaluados también presentaron inhibición en el crecimiento del hongo y el fungicida sintético presentó mayor actividad fungicida. El resto de los tratamientos no presentó resultados significativos.
Common bean anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the most limiting fungal diseases in this crop, which represents the most productive and consumed legume in the world and plays an important role in the diet of a large part of the population in many developing countries. This study aimed at evaluating the antifungal effect of different propolis extracts of Apis mellifera on the growth of the fungus C. lindemuthianum, in vitro. Thirteen treatments were evaluated: three concentrations of ethanol extract (250 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L), three concentrations of ethyl acetate extract (250 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L), two concentrations of propylene glycol extract (2.5 mL and 5 mL of extract respectively), three solvents (methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol), one commercial control (synthetic fungicide) and the absolute control. The propolis used was collected in EARTH University´s academic apiary. The different prepared extracts underwent an extraction process (with their respective solvent), then maceration, vacuum filtration, and the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had an additional process of vacuum evaporation and lyophilization. The diametral growth of the fungus was evaluated at 24-hour intervals for seven days, and an inhibition rate of 40,04 % was obtained for the treatment of ethanol at 1000 mg/L at 72 hours, 41,06 % and 38,73 % for treatments of ethanol at 250 mg/L and propylene glycol with 5 mL extract, respectively, at 168 hours. The solvents evaluated also showed inhibition in the growth of the fungus and the synthetic fungicide showed greater fungicidal activity. The rest of the treatments did not show significant results.
Common bean anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the most limiting fungal diseases in this crop, which represents the most productive and consumed legume in the world and plays an important role in the diet of a large part of the population in many developing countries. This study aimed at evaluating the antifungal effect of different propolis extracts of Apis mellifera on the growth of the fungus C. lindemuthianum, in vitro. Thirteen treatments were evaluated: three concentrations of ethanol extract (250 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L), three concentrations of ethyl acetate extract (250 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L), two concentrations of propylene glycol extract (2.5 mL and 5 mL of extract respectively), three solvents (methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and propylene glycol), one commercial control (synthetic fungicide) and the absolute control. The propolis used was collected in EARTH University´s academic apiary. The different prepared extracts underwent an extraction process (with their respective solvent), then maceration, vacuum filtration, and the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had an additional process of vacuum evaporation and lyophilization. The diametral growth of the fungus was evaluated at 24-hour intervals for seven days, and an inhibition rate of 40,04 % was obtained for the treatment of ethanol at 1000 mg/L at 72 hours, 41,06 % and 38,73 % for treatments of ethanol at 250 mg/L and propylene glycol with 5 mL extract, respectively, at 168 hours. The solvents evaluated also showed inhibition in the growth of the fungus and the synthetic fungicide showed greater fungicidal activity. The rest of the treatments did not show significant results.
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CONTROL DE HONGOS, ANTRACNOSIS, FRIJOL (PHASEOLUS), PROPOLEOS, APIS MELLIFERA, FITOPATOGENOS