Evaluación de nematicidas biológicos para control de Radopholus similis en plantaciones comerciales de banano.
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2017-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de 9 tratamientos: Trichomax, Klamic, microorganismos de montaña (MM), lixiviado de cacao, lixiviado de pinzote de banano, compost de la FIO, compost de cáscara de cacao, Hércules modificado y un testigo sobre la población de fitonematodos, la salud radical y el crecimiento de la planta en la finca de banano comercial de la Universidad EARTH. Los tratamientos fueron distribuidos en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se realizaron tres aplicaciones y seis semanas después de cada aplicación se realizó un muestreo. Las variables evaluadas parar salud radical fueron: Peso de Raíz total (PRT), peso de raíz funcional (PRF), índice de salud radical (ISR), índice de necrosis (IN). Para las variables de crecimiento se evaluaron la altura y la circunferencia de pseudotallo del hijo y de la planta madre. Para fitonematodos se evaluaron las poblaciones: Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne incognita y Helicotilenchus multicinctus. Los resultados detectaron diferencias significativas en la población de nematodos (p≥0.05). R. similis fue el nematodo predominante seguido de M. incognita y H. multicinctus. Klamic y Trichomax redujeron significativamente la población de R. similis registrando 5155 nematodos y 6444 nematodos/100 g de raíces en comparación con el testigo que alcanzó 27 200 nematodos/100 g de raíces. Para Índice de necrosis los resultados detectaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos MM y Lixiviado de pinzote con un 21 % y 22 % de necrosis respectivamente, comparado con 33 % del testigo. Klamic y Trichomax incrementaron significativamente la altura del hijo alcanzando un aumento de 1,81m y 1,71m respectivamente en comparación con el testigo que alcanzó 1,38 m de crecimiento durante la primera y la tercera medición. Los hongos endofiticos y las enmiendas orgánicas necesitan tiempo para expresar su potencial de control de fitonematodos y promoción de crecimiento: Por lo tanto, se recomienda continuar la investigación por un periodo de tiempo más prolongado.
The objective of this research was evaluate the effect of nine treatments; Trichomax, Klamic, Mountain Microorganisms (MM), leached cocoa, leached banana rachis, FIO compost, cocoa shell compost, modified Hercules and a control, on the population of plant parasitic nematodes, as well as the root health and the plant growth in the commercial banana plantation of EARTH University. The treatments were distributed randomly in a complete-block experimental design with three replicates. Three applications were carried out, and, six weeks after each application, sampling was done. The variables evaluated for the root health were total root weight (TRW), functional root weight (FRW), root health index (RHI), necrosis index (NI). Regarding plant growth the variable evaluated were, height and girth of suckers and mother plant. For plant parasitic nematodes were evaluated the population of Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne incognita, and Helicotilenchus multicinctus. Significant differences were found for nematode (p ≥ 0.05). R. similis was the predominant nematode followed by M. incognita and H. multicinctus. Klamic and Trichomax reduced significantly the population of R. similis registering 5155 nematodes and 6444 nematodes /100 grams of roots in comparison with the control reaching 27200 nematodes /100 grams of roots. Regarding the necrosis index the results showed significant differences between treatments, where MM and leaching of banana rachis registered 21 % and 22 % of necrosis respectively in comparison with the control reaching 33% of necrosis. Klamic and Trichomax increased significantly the height of the sucker reaching 1,81 m and 1,71 m, respectively, in comparison with the control with 1,38 m between the first and third sampling. The endophytic fungi and organic amendments need time to express the potential of control plant parasitic nematodes and plant growth promotion. Therefore it is recommended to continue the research for a longer period of time.
The objective of this research was evaluate the effect of nine treatments; Trichomax, Klamic, Mountain Microorganisms (MM), leached cocoa, leached banana rachis, FIO compost, cocoa shell compost, modified Hercules and a control, on the population of plant parasitic nematodes, as well as the root health and the plant growth in the commercial banana plantation of EARTH University. The treatments were distributed randomly in a complete-block experimental design with three replicates. Three applications were carried out, and, six weeks after each application, sampling was done. The variables evaluated for the root health were total root weight (TRW), functional root weight (FRW), root health index (RHI), necrosis index (NI). Regarding plant growth the variable evaluated were, height and girth of suckers and mother plant. For plant parasitic nematodes were evaluated the population of Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne incognita, and Helicotilenchus multicinctus. Significant differences were found for nematode (p ≥ 0.05). R. similis was the predominant nematode followed by M. incognita and H. multicinctus. Klamic and Trichomax reduced significantly the population of R. similis registering 5155 nematodes and 6444 nematodes /100 grams of roots in comparison with the control reaching 27200 nematodes /100 grams of roots. Regarding the necrosis index the results showed significant differences between treatments, where MM and leaching of banana rachis registered 21 % and 22 % of necrosis respectively in comparison with the control reaching 33% of necrosis. Klamic and Trichomax increased significantly the height of the sucker reaching 1,81 m and 1,71 m, respectively, in comparison with the control with 1,38 m between the first and third sampling. The endophytic fungi and organic amendments need time to express the potential of control plant parasitic nematodes and plant growth promotion. Therefore it is recommended to continue the research for a longer period of time.
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BANANOS, MUSA (BANANOS), NEMATOCIDAS, NEMATODOS PARASITOS DE PLANTAS, CONTROL BIOLOGICO, RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS, EARTH