Evaluación de poliacrilamidas (Crosslink Polimers) en la disponibilidad de humedad en suelo y su efecto en el crecimiento del maíz (Zea mays).
Fecha
2017-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El cambio climático es una amenaza a los sistemas de producción agrícola, especialmente cuando esto genera un déficit hídrico. Por eso, es necesario implementar nuevas técnicas para mejorar la disponibilidad de agua para las plantas como las policarilamidas que tienen una alta capacidad de retención de humedad. Este experimento evaluó la efectividad de Soil moist (poliacrilamada 99.7 % y 0.03 % ingredientes inertes) en el suelo como herramienta de reducción del estrés hídrico por déficit de humedad y su efecto sobre la disponibilidad y absorción de nutrientes en el cultivo de maíz. El experimento se realizó en las dos sedes de la Universidad EARTH, en Guácimo y La Flor en Liberia Guanacaste, con el fin de evaluar diferencias en dos áreas con condiciones edafoclimáticas distintas. El diseño experimental se hizo en tres bloques con tres tratamientos en cada sede. Los tratamientos fueron el T1 como testigo, T2 a la dosis recomendada (5 g/planta de producto hidratado con 500 mL de agua) y el T3, a la mitad de la dosis recomendada. La germinación en campo, después de la siembra, no presentó diferencias significativa entre los tratamientos (p<0.05) en Guácimo; en La Flor sí presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. El tratamiento con la mitad de dosis de las poliacrilamidas (T3) presentó menor germinación que el tratamiento de dosis completo y el testigo presentó el mejor resultado de un 97 % de germinación. En cuanto a la mejora de la disponibilidad de humedad, la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) en el suelo, y la absorción de nutrientes por las plantas, no presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) con el uso de poliacrilamidas, en este estudio. Esto pudo haber sido a las altas y seguidas precipitaciones que se presentó en ambas sedes. Tampoco observó una mejor reserva de nutrientes con el uso de poliacrilamidas en ambos sitos de evaluación. Por eso, era necesario un tratamiento sin poliacrilamidas y sin plantas para poder apreciar si hubo mejoras en cuanto a la retención de nutrientes en el suelo efectuado por las poliacrilamidas.
Climate change is a threat to agricultural production systems, especially when this causes water deficits. Therefore, it is necessary to implement new techniques, such as the use of polycarilamides that have a high water retention capacity, to improve the availability of water for plants. This experiment evaluated the effectiveness of Soil moist (polyacrilamada 99.7% and 0.03% inert ingredients) in the soil as a tool to reduce water stress, due to a deficit of water, and its effects on the availability and absorption of nutrients in a corn crop. The experiment was carried out on the two campuses of EARTH University, in Guácimo and La Flor in Liberia Guanacaste, in order to evaluate differences in two areas with different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experimental design at each campus was in three blocks each with three treatments. The treatments were T1 as control, T2 at the recommended dose (5 g/plant of product hydrated with 500 mL of water) and T3, at half the recommended dose. Germination in the field, after sowing, did not present significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) in Guácimo; in La Flor there were significant differences between treatments. The treatment with half the recommended dose of polyacrylamides (T3) presented lower germination than the full dose treatment and the control presented the best results with 97 % germination. Regarding the improvement of the availability of water, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the soil, and the absorption of nutrients by plants, there were no significant differences (p <0.05) with the use of polyacrylamides, in this study. This could have been due to the high and continued precipitations that occurred on both campuses. As well, there was no observed increase in nutrient retention with the use of polyacrylamides at either site evaluated. A treatment without polyacrylamides and without plants would be necessary to be able to determine if polyacrylamides have an effect on the retention of nutrients in the soil.
Climate change is a threat to agricultural production systems, especially when this causes water deficits. Therefore, it is necessary to implement new techniques, such as the use of polycarilamides that have a high water retention capacity, to improve the availability of water for plants. This experiment evaluated the effectiveness of Soil moist (polyacrilamada 99.7% and 0.03% inert ingredients) in the soil as a tool to reduce water stress, due to a deficit of water, and its effects on the availability and absorption of nutrients in a corn crop. The experiment was carried out on the two campuses of EARTH University, in Guácimo and La Flor in Liberia Guanacaste, in order to evaluate differences in two areas with different edaphoclimatic conditions. The experimental design at each campus was in three blocks each with three treatments. The treatments were T1 as control, T2 at the recommended dose (5 g/plant of product hydrated with 500 mL of water) and T3, at half the recommended dose. Germination in the field, after sowing, did not present significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) in Guácimo; in La Flor there were significant differences between treatments. The treatment with half the recommended dose of polyacrylamides (T3) presented lower germination than the full dose treatment and the control presented the best results with 97 % germination. Regarding the improvement of the availability of water, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the soil, and the absorption of nutrients by plants, there were no significant differences (p <0.05) with the use of polyacrylamides, in this study. This could have been due to the high and continued precipitations that occurred on both campuses. As well, there was no observed increase in nutrient retention with the use of polyacrylamides at either site evaluated. A treatment without polyacrylamides and without plants would be necessary to be able to determine if polyacrylamides have an effect on the retention of nutrients in the soil.
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MAIZ, ZEA MAYS, ACONDICIONADORES DEL SUELO, POLIACRILAMIDA, HUMEDAD, DESARROLLO DE LA PLANTA