Biocarbón de rastrojo de piña como mejorador de suelos franco-arenosos para producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa).
Fecha
2019-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
En varias fincas piñeras, los residuos orgánicos generados después de la cosecha han ocasionado repercusiones económicas para los agricultores e implicaciones negativas hacia el medio ambiente, debido a las metodologías empleadas para la eliminación de estos residuos previo a la preparación del próximo ciclo de producción. Este estudio se enfocó en la producción de biocarbón a base de rastrojo de piña bajo un proceso de pirólisis, un suministro agrícola que posee gran potencial para mejorar las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo al momento de su incorporación en este medio. El objetivo principal fue determinar el efecto del biochar en la retención y disponibilidad de nutrientes en suelos franco-limosos utilizando lechuga (Lactuca sativa) como medio de análisis. Se realizaron tres tratamientos con diferentes concentraciones de biocarbón; 9,5 %, 7 % y 3,5 % más un testigo con 0 %. Se agregaron fertilizantes inorgánicos a los tratamientos establecidos y se trasplantaron plántulas de L. sativa. Después de la cosecha, se tomaron muestras del suelo y plantas para la generación de análisis en laboratorio de suelo y biomasa. Los resultados de biomasa mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los pesos promedio de las hojas en los tratamientos en comparación con el testigo, siendo el tratamiento con mayor concentración de biocarbón (9,5 %) quien presentó los mejores resultados. Este tratamiento presentó un mejor vigor de planta y raíces, mayor retención de macronutrientes y micronutrientes, así como también mejores características de las propiedades químicas del suelo; mayor Capacidad Intercambio Catiónico (CIC) con 38,2 cmol(+)/L y aumento en el pH de 4,85 a 5,59. Se comprobó una relación directamente proporcional entre las concentraciones del biocarbón con el CIC y pH.
In pineapple farms, organic waste generated after pineapple harvest causes economic repercussions to the farmers and negative implications for the environment, due to the methodologies used in the disposal of these wastes prior to the preparation of the next production season. This study focused on the production of biochar using pineapple stubble (residues) under a pyrolysis process, an agricultural supply that has great potential to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil at the time of incorporation into this medium. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of biochar on the retention and availability of nutrients in loamy soils using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a means of analysis. Three treatments with different concentrations of biochar were established; 9.5 %, 7 % and 3.5 % plus a control treatment without biocarbón. Inorganic fertilizers were added to the established treatments and L. sativa seedlings were transplanted. Cultivation management practices were carried out. After harvesting, soil and plant samples were taken for soil and biomass laboratory chemical analysis. The results of the biomass showed existence of statistical differences between the average weights of the leaves in the treatments in comparison with the control. The treatment with the highest concentration of biochar (9,5 %) presented the best results. This treatment presented a better vigor of plant and roots, as well as the best characteristics of the chemical properties of the soil; a higher Cation Exchange Capacity (CIC) of 38.2 cmol (+)/L, increase in pH from 4.85 to 5.59. Key results of the investigation showed a directly proportional relationship between the variables of the biochar with the CIC and pH.
In pineapple farms, organic waste generated after pineapple harvest causes economic repercussions to the farmers and negative implications for the environment, due to the methodologies used in the disposal of these wastes prior to the preparation of the next production season. This study focused on the production of biochar using pineapple stubble (residues) under a pyrolysis process, an agricultural supply that has great potential to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil at the time of incorporation into this medium. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of biochar on the retention and availability of nutrients in loamy soils using lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a means of analysis. Three treatments with different concentrations of biochar were established; 9.5 %, 7 % and 3.5 % plus a control treatment without biocarbón. Inorganic fertilizers were added to the established treatments and L. sativa seedlings were transplanted. Cultivation management practices were carried out. After harvesting, soil and plant samples were taken for soil and biomass laboratory chemical analysis. The results of the biomass showed existence of statistical differences between the average weights of the leaves in the treatments in comparison with the control. The treatment with the highest concentration of biochar (9,5 %) presented the best results. This treatment presented a better vigor of plant and roots, as well as the best characteristics of the chemical properties of the soil; a higher Cation Exchange Capacity (CIC) of 38.2 cmol (+)/L, increase in pH from 4.85 to 5.59. Key results of the investigation showed a directly proportional relationship between the variables of the biochar with the CIC and pH.
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ABONOS ORGANICOS, RESIDUOS DE COSECHAS, RASTROJO, PIÑA, SUSTRATOS, CARBON VEGETAL, LECHUGA