Aislamiento de ADN de tejido fresco y seco de diferentes especies de tubérculos.
Fecha
2017-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
En Uganda, los cultivos de raíces y tubérculos funcionan como alimento básico especialmente en el norte del país; su demanda está incrementando, pero sus rendimientos están disminuyendo por la sequía, altas temperaturas, enfermedades, entre otros. Por esta razón, la aplicación de técnicas biotecnológicas como la genética molecular, basado en el aislamiento de las moléculas de ADN, se convierte en una alternativa para lograr la seguridad alimentaria en el país, permitiendo así, aislar el ADN de buena calidad para poder desarrollar variedades que son resistentes y con altos rendimientos. Para esta investigación, se seleccionaron cinco especies; Ipomea batatas (camote), Colocasia esculenta (malanga), Dioscorea sp. (ñame), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (tiquizque) y Manihot esculenta (yuca) y se evaluaron tres variables; el protocolo CTAB de aislamiento de ADN con cuatro modificaciones, dos tipos de tejidos (hoja joven y raíz o tubérculo) y dos métodos de conservación (fresco y seco) con tres tratamientos: 1 (fresco), 2 (liofilizado) y 3 (seco al horno), con el fin de definir la influencia sobre la calidad y cantidad de ADN aislado. La electroforesis fue realizada en gel de agarosa (0.8 %) efectuando varias modificaciones derivadas de los resultados de cada prueba. La cuantificación se realizó mediante espectrofotometría de absorbancia a una longitud de onda de 260 nm y se obtuvo una estimación de la pureza de ADN a través de relación de absorbancia (A260 nm / A 280 nm). Como resultados, la cantidad promedio de ADN obtenido del tejido fresco y seco (liofilizado) fue de 1.899 μg/mL y 2.147 μg/mL respectivamente; la especie Manihot esculenta presentó mayor pureza; el protocolo CTAB modificado (4), en donde se agregaron 1000 µL de buffer para la maceración, dio resultados óptimos; el mejor método de conservación resultó ser, seco liofilizado y el tejido del tubérculo como el mejor para aislar el ADN. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, se propone que el método de CTAB modificado (4), con el tejido foliar en estado fisiológico seco liofilizado, permite obtener ADN de óptima calidad y cantidad para ser utilizado en las investigaciones de la mejora de las especies de raíces y tubérculos.
In Uganda, root and tuber crops work as a staple food, especially in the northern part of the country. The demand for these crops is increasing but, their yields are decreasing due to drought, high temperatures, diseases, among others. For this reason, the application of biotechnological techniques such as molecular genetics, based on the isolation of DNA molecules, becomes an alternative to achieve food security in the country, thus enabling the isolation of good quality DNA for development of varieties that are resistant and with high yields. For this investigation, five species were selected; Ipomea batatas (sweet potato), Colocasia esculenta (coco yam), Dioscorea sp. (yam), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (coco yam) and Manihot esculenta (cassava) and three variables were evaluated; the CTAB protocol for DNA isolation with four modifications, two tissue types (young leaf and root or tuber) and two conservation methods (fresh and dry) with three treatments: 1 (fresh), 2 (lyophilized) and 3 (dried in the oven), this with the aim to define their influence in the quality and quantity of isolated DNA. Electrophoresis was performed on agarose gel (0.8%) effecting several modifications derived from the results of each test. The quantification of DNA was performed by absorbance spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 260 nm and an estimate of the purity of DNA was obtained through the absorbance ratio (A260 nm / A280 nm). As a result, the average amount of DNA obtained from fresh tissue and dry tissue (lyophilized) was 1.899 μg/mL and 2.147 μg/mL respectively; the Manihot esculenta specie presented greater purity; the modified CTAB protocol (4), where 1000 μL of buffer was added to break down de tissue, gave optimal results; the best conservation method turned out to be dry, lyophilized and the tuber as the best tissue to isolate the DNA. Taking into account the results obtained, it is proposed that the modified CTAB protocol (4), with leaf tissue in a lyophilized dry physiological state, gives the DNA of optimum quality and quantity to be used in the research of the improvement of the species of roots and tubers.
In Uganda, root and tuber crops work as a staple food, especially in the northern part of the country. The demand for these crops is increasing but, their yields are decreasing due to drought, high temperatures, diseases, among others. For this reason, the application of biotechnological techniques such as molecular genetics, based on the isolation of DNA molecules, becomes an alternative to achieve food security in the country, thus enabling the isolation of good quality DNA for development of varieties that are resistant and with high yields. For this investigation, five species were selected; Ipomea batatas (sweet potato), Colocasia esculenta (coco yam), Dioscorea sp. (yam), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (coco yam) and Manihot esculenta (cassava) and three variables were evaluated; the CTAB protocol for DNA isolation with four modifications, two tissue types (young leaf and root or tuber) and two conservation methods (fresh and dry) with three treatments: 1 (fresh), 2 (lyophilized) and 3 (dried in the oven), this with the aim to define their influence in the quality and quantity of isolated DNA. Electrophoresis was performed on agarose gel (0.8%) effecting several modifications derived from the results of each test. The quantification of DNA was performed by absorbance spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 260 nm and an estimate of the purity of DNA was obtained through the absorbance ratio (A260 nm / A280 nm). As a result, the average amount of DNA obtained from fresh tissue and dry tissue (lyophilized) was 1.899 μg/mL and 2.147 μg/mL respectively; the Manihot esculenta specie presented greater purity; the modified CTAB protocol (4), where 1000 μL of buffer was added to break down de tissue, gave optimal results; the best conservation method turned out to be dry, lyophilized and the tuber as the best tissue to isolate the DNA. Taking into account the results obtained, it is proposed that the modified CTAB protocol (4), with leaf tissue in a lyophilized dry physiological state, gives the DNA of optimum quality and quantity to be used in the research of the improvement of the species of roots and tubers.
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HORTALIZAS DE RAIZ, ADN, TEJIDOS VEGETALES, CONSERVACION DEL GERMOPLASMA, COSTA RICA