Estrategias para la reducción del Mancozeb en el control de la sigatoka negra (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) en banano (Musa AAA).
Fecha
2021-12
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton (teleomorfo Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet), causa la enfermedad de Sigatoka Negra en la hoja del banano (Musa spp., que incluye el plátano). Durante unos 60 años, el Mancozeb ha sido una herramienta importante para control de la Sigatoka Negra en el banano y es uno de los fungicidas que los agricultores consideran cruciales porque los hongos no desarrollan resistencia debido a su modo de acción multisitio. Los estudios demuestran que el metabolito etilenotiourea resultante de la degradación del Mancozeb provoca problemas de salud en la glándula tiroides y en el sistema reproductivo, lo que llevó a la cancelación de las autorizaciones existentes de productos fitosanitarios que contienen Mancozeb en Europa y a la posible reducción de los límites máximos de residuos de Mancozeb hasta el límite de detección. La reducción del uso del fungicida Mancozeb en el control de la Sigatoka Negra en las plantas de banano era necesaria y había que desarrollar e implementar estrategias para su sustitución, por lo que, en esta investigación, se establecieron una serie de tratamientos con M. alternifolia, Cobre+Azufre y cambios en la dosis de Mancozeb y ciclos alternos de mezclas de tratamientos. Se determinó que la reducción de 50 % de la dosis del Mancozeb en mezcla con Melaleuca alternifolia (T5) es una estrategia promisoria del uso de un producto biorracional, que puede reducir el uso del Mancozeb y ser eficaz en controlar el desarrollo de la infección de la Sigatoka Negra. El tratamiento T5 pudo proteger y mantener una adecuada cantidad de hojas sanas en las plantas de banano, redujo la incidencia de la inoculación de las esporas de P. fijiensis, pudo mostrar actividades curativas y supresoras al mantener las lesiones de quema en las hojas más viejas y prevenir la aparición de quema en las hojas más jóvenes, y mantuvo controlada la severidad de la infección.
Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton (teleomorph Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet), causes Black Leaf Streak Disease in banana (Musa spp., which includes plantain). For about 60 years, Mancozeb has been an important tool for the control of Black Leaf Streak Disease in banana and is one of the fungicides that growers consider crucial because fungi do not develop resistance due to its multisite mode of action. Studies show that the metabolite ethylenethiourea resulting from the degradation of Mancozeb causes health problems in the thyroid gland and reproductive system, which led to the cancellation of existing authorizations of plant protection products containing Mancozeb in Europe and the possible reduction of Mancozeb maximum residue limits to the limit of detection. The reduction of the use of the fungicide Mancozeb in the control of Black Leaf Streak Disease in banana plants was necessary and strategies for its substitution had to be developed and implemented, so, in this research, a series of treatments with M. alternifolia, Copper+Sulfur and changes in Mancozeb dosage and alternate cycles of treatment mixtures were established. It was determined that a 50 % reduction in the dose of Mancozeb in mixture with Melaleuca alternifolia (T5) is a promising strategy for the use of a biorational product, which can reduce the use of Mancozeb and be effective in controlling the development of Black Leaf Streak Disease infection. The treatment T5 was able to protect and maintain an adequate number of healthy leaves on banana plants, reduced the incidence of inoculation of P. fijiensis spores and kept the severity of the infection under control.
Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton (teleomorph Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet), causes Black Leaf Streak Disease in banana (Musa spp., which includes plantain). For about 60 years, Mancozeb has been an important tool for the control of Black Leaf Streak Disease in banana and is one of the fungicides that growers consider crucial because fungi do not develop resistance due to its multisite mode of action. Studies show that the metabolite ethylenethiourea resulting from the degradation of Mancozeb causes health problems in the thyroid gland and reproductive system, which led to the cancellation of existing authorizations of plant protection products containing Mancozeb in Europe and the possible reduction of Mancozeb maximum residue limits to the limit of detection. The reduction of the use of the fungicide Mancozeb in the control of Black Leaf Streak Disease in banana plants was necessary and strategies for its substitution had to be developed and implemented, so, in this research, a series of treatments with M. alternifolia, Copper+Sulfur and changes in Mancozeb dosage and alternate cycles of treatment mixtures were established. It was determined that a 50 % reduction in the dose of Mancozeb in mixture with Melaleuca alternifolia (T5) is a promising strategy for the use of a biorational product, which can reduce the use of Mancozeb and be effective in controlling the development of Black Leaf Streak Disease infection. The treatment T5 was able to protect and maintain an adequate number of healthy leaves on banana plants, reduced the incidence of inoculation of P. fijiensis spores and kept the severity of the infection under control.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SIGATOKA NEGRA, CONTROL DE HONGOS, FUNGICIDAS, BANANOS, MUSA (BANANOS)