Reseña histórica del cardamomo Elettaria cardamomum L. (matón) en Costa Rica.
Fecha
2017-12
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El cardamomo Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón) es catalogada como la tercera especie más cara a nivel mundial, siendo muy importante para la economía de algunos países, donde forma parte de su cultura, tradición y religión. En Costa Rica, al contar con las condiciones climáticas similares al lugar de origen del cardamomo, junto con las políticas agrarias a partir de 1979, se fomentó, en aquel momento, la producción y exportación del cultivo de cardamomo en el país, aunado a las políticas agrarias favorables para la exportación de cultivos no tradicionales, además del incremento de la demanda internacional, la subida de precios, la facilidad de las cooperativas y los préstamos bancarios. Sin embargo, la crisis que Costa Rica enfrentó en 1980 hizo que muchos productores pusieran en riesgo la producción de productos no tradicionales, porque sus compradores no deseaban arriesgar su economía con la compra de esta especie. La situación actual del cardamomo en Costa Rica, es consecuencia de políticas de gobierno, altos costos de producción comparados con otros países productores, rupturas de relaciones comerciales claves con países árabes provocadas por el cambio de la embajada de Costa Rica en Israel, de Tel Aviv a Jerusalén en 1982, ocasionando que el cultivo se comercializara a ventas mediante re-exportadores guatemaltecos o europeos, todo esto, ocasionó la prácticamente desaparición del cultivo en Costa Rica; las tierras fueron dadas a campesinos en forma de pago por el fraude de las financieras más grandes de la época, una de estas, propiedad de la familia Yazdani de nacionalidad Iraní, quienes fueron protagonistas principales junto con miembros de la política costarricense del momento, para la producción del cultivo de cardamomo y de café. Se localizaron actualmente plantas de cardamomo en diferentes lugares de Costa Rica pero ninguna tierra en gran extensión, las plantas que se encuentran en el año 2017 se mantienen para conservación de la especie mas no para su comercialización a gran escala.
The Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón) is ranked as the third more expensive species around the world, being very important to the economy of some countries, where it is part of their culture, tradition and religion. In Costa Rica, there are similar conditions to the place of origin of cardamom. Along with the agricultural policies in 1979, the production and export of the crop of cardamom was promoted in the country thanks to the agricultural policies for export of non-traditional crops, the increase in international demand, the rise in prices, the help of cooperatives and bank loans. However, the crisis faced by Costa Rica in 1980 put at risk the production of non-traditional products because buyers did not want to risk its economy with the purchase of these species. The current situation of cardamom in Costa Rica is a result of government policies, high production costs compared with those of other producing countries, breaches of key trading relations with Arab countries caused by the change of the Embassy of Costa Rica in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 1982, causing crops to be marketed to Guatemala or Europe, and leading to the almost disappearance of this cultivation in Costa Rica. Even more, the lands were given to farmers in the form of payment for some of the largest financial fraud of the time, one of these, owned by the family Yazdani of Iranian nationality, who were the main protagonists along with members of the Costa Rican policy at the moment for the production of cardamom and coffee cultivation. Currently some plants of cardamom can be found in different places in Costa Rica but is not large scale cultivation. The plants that can be found in the current year are maintained for the conservation of the species not for its marketing on a large scale.
The Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum L. (Matón) is ranked as the third more expensive species around the world, being very important to the economy of some countries, where it is part of their culture, tradition and religion. In Costa Rica, there are similar conditions to the place of origin of cardamom. Along with the agricultural policies in 1979, the production and export of the crop of cardamom was promoted in the country thanks to the agricultural policies for export of non-traditional crops, the increase in international demand, the rise in prices, the help of cooperatives and bank loans. However, the crisis faced by Costa Rica in 1980 put at risk the production of non-traditional products because buyers did not want to risk its economy with the purchase of these species. The current situation of cardamom in Costa Rica is a result of government policies, high production costs compared with those of other producing countries, breaches of key trading relations with Arab countries caused by the change of the Embassy of Costa Rica in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 1982, causing crops to be marketed to Guatemala or Europe, and leading to the almost disappearance of this cultivation in Costa Rica. Even more, the lands were given to farmers in the form of payment for some of the largest financial fraud of the time, one of these, owned by the family Yazdani of Iranian nationality, who were the main protagonists along with members of the Costa Rican policy at the moment for the production of cardamom and coffee cultivation. Currently some plants of cardamom can be found in different places in Costa Rica but is not large scale cultivation. The plants that can be found in the current year are maintained for the conservation of the species not for its marketing on a large scale.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CARDAMOMO, ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, HISTORIA, COSTA RICA