Evaluación del rendimiento de extracción de aceite esencial en las diferentes estructuras vegetativas del cardamomo (Elettaria cardamomum L. Matón).
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2019-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El cardamomo Elettaria cardamomun L. (Matón), es una de las especias más cotizadas a nivel mundial, por su uso en la gastronomía para la preparación de diversos platos debido a su sabor y aroma, también se utiliza en la perfumería, industria cosmética y en la medicina; al cardamomo se le atribuyen propiedades diuréticas, antioxidantes, antimicrobianas, antiinflamatorias, y en algunos estudios la reportan como planta potencial para la prevención de enfermedades como el cáncer de colón e infartos; 100 gramos de semilla de cardamomo contienen 311 kcal, 28 g de fibra, 6,5% de grasas, 10,8 g de proteína y 21 g de vitamina C. Se puede consumir por semillas directamente o por medio de su aceite esencial, el cual debe ser extraído de la planta. Es por esto que es importante la extracción de aceite esencial de cardamomo para el uso comercial, por ser una especie muy demandada y costosa. En esta investigación se realizó la evaluación de rendimiento en la extracción de aceite esencial en tallos, hojas y semillas con el fin de aprovechar toda la planta, la extracción se realizó por el método de hidrodestilación, a una temperatura de 108 °C; se recolectó el extracto (aceite con hidrolato), luego, se hizo el análisis por cromatografía de gases acoplado a masas con el fin de cuantificar los compuestos químicos que presenta el aceite Como resultado, se obtuvieron 51 compuestos en las semillas en un 30,31 % de área el α-Terpinyl acetate, 28,21% de área el 1,8-Cineole, 10,17 % de área el α-Terpineol, 8,15 % de área el Linalool, 6,22 % de área el (-)-Terpinen-4-ol, 5,83% de área el (E)-geraniol. En cuanto al contenido de hidrolato en las semillas se obtuvo 46,67 mL, en hojas 38 mL y en tallos 49,67 mL.
The cardamom Elettaria cardamomun L. (Matón), is one of the most sought-after spices worldwide, as its flavor and aroma are used in gastronomy to prepare various dishes. It is also used in perfume and in cosmetics and medicine. Cardamom is attributed as having diuretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties; some studies report its potential for the prevention of diseases such as colon cancer and heart attacks; 100 grams of cardamom seed contain 311 kcal, 28 g of fiber, 6.5% fat, 10.8 g of protein and 21 g of vitamin C. It can be consumed directly as seeds or through its essential oil, which must be extracted from the plant. For this reason, it is important to extract cardamom essential oil for commercial use, as the species is in high demand and expensive. In this investigation, an evaluation was performed in the extraction of essential oil in stems, leaves and seeds to learn if it’s possible to take advantage of the entire plant. The extraction was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation, at a temperature of 108 °C. The extract was collected (oil with hydrolate), then a gas chromatography coupled to masses analysis was performed in order to quantify the chemical compounds present in the oil. As a result, 51 compounds were obtained in the seeds in a 30.31% of area α-Terpinyl acetate, 28.21% of area 1,8-Cineole, 10.17% of area α-Terpineol, 8.15% of area Linalool, 6.22% of area (-) - Terpinen-4-ol, and 5.83% of area (E) –geraniol. The hydrolate content in the seeds obtained was 46.67 mL, in leaves 38 mL, and in stems 49.67 mL
The cardamom Elettaria cardamomun L. (Matón), is one of the most sought-after spices worldwide, as its flavor and aroma are used in gastronomy to prepare various dishes. It is also used in perfume and in cosmetics and medicine. Cardamom is attributed as having diuretic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties; some studies report its potential for the prevention of diseases such as colon cancer and heart attacks; 100 grams of cardamom seed contain 311 kcal, 28 g of fiber, 6.5% fat, 10.8 g of protein and 21 g of vitamin C. It can be consumed directly as seeds or through its essential oil, which must be extracted from the plant. For this reason, it is important to extract cardamom essential oil for commercial use, as the species is in high demand and expensive. In this investigation, an evaluation was performed in the extraction of essential oil in stems, leaves and seeds to learn if it’s possible to take advantage of the entire plant. The extraction was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation, at a temperature of 108 °C. The extract was collected (oil with hydrolate), then a gas chromatography coupled to masses analysis was performed in order to quantify the chemical compounds present in the oil. As a result, 51 compounds were obtained in the seeds in a 30.31% of area α-Terpinyl acetate, 28.21% of area 1,8-Cineole, 10.17% of area α-Terpineol, 8.15% of area Linalool, 6.22% of area (-) - Terpinen-4-ol, and 5.83% of area (E) –geraniol. The hydrolate content in the seeds obtained was 46.67 mL, in leaves 38 mL, and in stems 49.67 mL
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CARDAMOMO, ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, ACEITES ESENCIALES, EXTRACCION, COMPOSICION QUIMICA