Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, 1756 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) alternativa biológica para la degradación de PEBD.
Fecha
2019-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El plástico es un material que ha causado gran impacto negativo en el ambiente por el abuso excesivo del mismo, es un material de difícil degradación posicionándolo como el mayor contaminante del planeta. Para solución de dicha problemática ha surgido como alternativa biológica de degradación el uso de Galleria mellonella mediante el desarrollo de estudios enfocados en descubrir si éste degrada plástico. Dentro de esta investigación se abarcaron los principales procesos fisiológicos de la larva con el fin de estudiar el fenómeno de degradación del Polietileno de Baja Densidad (PEBD). Los estudios se enfocaron en determinar y cuantificar el consumo de PEBD dando como resultado un promedio de 3,23 mg de película/larva/día correspondiente a un 5 % del total inicial de PEBD provisto a las larvas, así también se cuantificó la emisión de carbono (C) bajo diferentes dietas teniendo una mayor emisión al consumir PEBD con 17,43 mg C/larva en promedio; por otro lado, se indagó la presencia de posibles bacterias responsables del proceso de degradación obteniendo un listado de 14 géneros de bacterias Gram negativo, además se analizó el efecto que tiene el intestino de la larva sobre el PEBD evidenciando por medio de la aplicación Canopeo un 33,25 % de daño superficial y provocando la cristalización del PEBD. Por último, se estudió el producto final de la degradación del PEBD por medio del análisis Espectroscopia de Infrarrojos por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) en las heces de la larva, en dónde se detectaron coincidencias en algunas bandas de los patrones de etilenglicol al 99 % y las heces de las larvas que consumieron PEBD; además a través del análisis Cromatografía Liquida de Alta Presión con Detector de Índice de Refracción (HPLC-RI) se cuantificaron 108,7 mg de etilenglicol/kg de heces, alertando sobre otro posible compuesto, producto de la degradación de PEBD realizado por G. mellonella. Finalmente, partiendo de los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes estudios de G. mellonella se impulsa a continuar con la investigación para lograr determinar si es factible su uso para la degradación del PEBD.
Plastic is a material that has a significant negative impact on the environment due to its excessive abuse and being a material that is difficult to degrade. Hence, it has been identified as the largest pollutant on the planet. In the search for the solution to this problem, the use of Galleria mellonella has emerged as a biological degradation alternative through the development of studies focused on discovering whether this moth has plastic degradation capabilities. Within this investigation, the main physiological processes of the larva were investigated to study the phenomenon of degradation of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). The studies focused on determining and quantifying the consumption of LDPE. The results showed an average of 3,23 mg of film/larva/day, corresponding to 5 % of the initial total of LDPE provided to the larvae, as well as the emission of Carbon (C) under different diets, with a higher emission from the consumption of LDPE of 17,43 mg C/larva on average. On the other hand, the presence of possible bacteria responsible for the degradation process was investigated, obtaining a list of 14 genera of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the effect of the intestine of the larva on the LDPE was analyzed with the application of the Canopeo computer package, resulting in a 33,25 % film surface damage and causing the crystallization of the LDPE. Lastly, the final product of the degradation of the LDPE was studied by means of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis using the feces of the larva, where coincidences were detected in some bands of the 99 % ethylene glycol patterns and the feces of the larvae that consumed LDPE. Furthermore, through a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-RI) analysis, an amount of 108,7 mg of ethylene glycol/kg in the feces were quantified, thus providing a warning about another possible compound as a possible by-product of the degradation of LDPE performed by G. mellonella. Thus, based upon the results obtained in the different studies of G. mellonella, we encourage other people to continue with the research to determine if its use for the degradation of LDPE is feasible.
Plastic is a material that has a significant negative impact on the environment due to its excessive abuse and being a material that is difficult to degrade. Hence, it has been identified as the largest pollutant on the planet. In the search for the solution to this problem, the use of Galleria mellonella has emerged as a biological degradation alternative through the development of studies focused on discovering whether this moth has plastic degradation capabilities. Within this investigation, the main physiological processes of the larva were investigated to study the phenomenon of degradation of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). The studies focused on determining and quantifying the consumption of LDPE. The results showed an average of 3,23 mg of film/larva/day, corresponding to 5 % of the initial total of LDPE provided to the larvae, as well as the emission of Carbon (C) under different diets, with a higher emission from the consumption of LDPE of 17,43 mg C/larva on average. On the other hand, the presence of possible bacteria responsible for the degradation process was investigated, obtaining a list of 14 genera of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the effect of the intestine of the larva on the LDPE was analyzed with the application of the Canopeo computer package, resulting in a 33,25 % film surface damage and causing the crystallization of the LDPE. Lastly, the final product of the degradation of the LDPE was studied by means of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis using the feces of the larva, where coincidences were detected in some bands of the 99 % ethylene glycol patterns and the feces of the larvae that consumed LDPE. Furthermore, through a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-RI) analysis, an amount of 108,7 mg of ethylene glycol/kg in the feces were quantified, thus providing a warning about another possible compound as a possible by-product of the degradation of LDPE performed by G. mellonella. Thus, based upon the results obtained in the different studies of G. mellonella, we encourage other people to continue with the research to determine if its use for the degradation of LDPE is feasible.
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TRATAMIENTO DE DESECHOS, DEGRADACION, GALLERIA MELLONELLA, POLIETILENO