Diseño conceptual de camaronera para el cultivo intensivo de Litopenaeus vannamei en agua dulce.
Fecha
2019-12
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Los problemas ambientales y la complicidad de producir alimento cada día son mayores. La industria camaronera a lo largo de la historia ha contribuido con problemas como la destrucción de manglares, fondos marinos y la biodiversidad de muchas especies en el mar. De ahí nace el interés por investigar y evaluar otros sistemas de producción donde estos tres factores mencionados anteriormente se vean menos afectados. La idea es exponer el potencial de las camaroneras intensivas de agua dulce como solución para diferentes problemas tanto ambientales como sociales. En Costa Rica solo se produce camarón en sistemas de agua salada y de forma extensiva. Esto puede ser reestructurado para hacer de estas áreas espacios más productivos y en caso de creación de nuevas camaroneras, evaluar los sistemas de agua dulce para evitar la destrucción de manglares. El Litopenaeus vannamei o también conocido como camarón blanco, es una de las especies más consumidas a nivel mundial, con un alto nivel de adaptabilidad a diferentes condiciones tanto de temperatura como de salinidad. Al ser una especie tan flexible, es una excelente opción productiva y por ende una posible fuente de empleo y de proteína para la nutrición humana. En esta investigación se construyó un sistema de recirculación de agua de tres tratamientos con cambios porcentuales de agua salada por agua dulce. Todos los tratamientos iniciaron con agua de mar extraída de Caldera, Puntarenas, Costa Rica, la cual pertenece al Océano Pacifico. La salinidad de esta fue modificada progresivamente hasta completar la sustitución de todo el cuerpo de agua salada por agua dulce extraída del río Dos Novillos en su paso por la Universidad EARTH. Los resultados fueron la evaluación de los cambios en nutrientes disueltos en el agua como de otras condiciones físicas y ver su efecto en la adaptación de la semilla de camarón expuesta a las condiciones antes descritas con el paso del tiempo.
The environmental problems and the complicity to produce food are growing every day. The shrimp industry has contributed in the history to destroy mangroves, seabed and biodiversity of many other sea species. As a result, there is increased interest to research and evaluate other shrimp production systems where these aspects are not affected. The idea is to show the potential of the intensive freshwater shrimp farms as a solution of different social and environmental problems. Costa Rica only produces shrimp in seawater and normally in extensive systems. This model can be changed to create more productive areas. To create new shrimp farms, people can have information about freshwater shrimp farms to avoid the destruction of mangroves. Litopenaeus vannamei or whiteleg shrimp is one of the most consumed species in the world. This species has a high adaptability level to different conditions such as temperature and salinity. Such a flexible specie is an excellent option to produce and a high source of employment and protein for human nutrition. In this research, the goal was to create a water recirculation system with three treatments, gradually changing the salt water to freshwater. All treatments started with salt water from the Pacific Ocean adjacent to the beach in Caldera, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The salinity was modified every day until the water was completely substituted for freshwater. The freshwater was taking from Dos Novillos River at EARTH University. The results evaluated the change of the nutrients in the water and other physical conditions to measure the adaptability of the shrimp in extreme conditions.
The environmental problems and the complicity to produce food are growing every day. The shrimp industry has contributed in the history to destroy mangroves, seabed and biodiversity of many other sea species. As a result, there is increased interest to research and evaluate other shrimp production systems where these aspects are not affected. The idea is to show the potential of the intensive freshwater shrimp farms as a solution of different social and environmental problems. Costa Rica only produces shrimp in seawater and normally in extensive systems. This model can be changed to create more productive areas. To create new shrimp farms, people can have information about freshwater shrimp farms to avoid the destruction of mangroves. Litopenaeus vannamei or whiteleg shrimp is one of the most consumed species in the world. This species has a high adaptability level to different conditions such as temperature and salinity. Such a flexible specie is an excellent option to produce and a high source of employment and protein for human nutrition. In this research, the goal was to create a water recirculation system with three treatments, gradually changing the salt water to freshwater. All treatments started with salt water from the Pacific Ocean adjacent to the beach in Caldera, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. The salinity was modified every day until the water was completely substituted for freshwater. The freshwater was taking from Dos Novillos River at EARTH University. The results evaluated the change of the nutrients in the water and other physical conditions to measure the adaptability of the shrimp in extreme conditions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ACUICULTURA, CAMARONES, LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI