Absorción de nutrientes del banano (Musa AAA cv. Gran Enano) en la región atlántica de Costa Rica.
Fecha
2017-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
Una de las maneras más efectivas para establecer un plan de fertilización exacto para un cultivo, es mediante estudios de absorción de nutrientes. En el presente experimento se cuantificó la acumulación de biomasa de diferentes órganos (fruto, hoja, pseudotallo, cormo, raquis y chira) del banano (Musa AAA, subgrupo Cavendish, clon Gran Enano) y la absorción de los nutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg y B, en diferentes etapas fenológicas (durante 10 meses del cultivo). El experimento se realizó en la Universidad EARTH, localizada en el caribe de Costa Rica. La biomasa seca total del banano al mes 10 fue de 27 529.30 kg ha-1, de los cuales, el fruto representó el 39 %, seguido por el pseudotallo con 28 % y hojas con 19 %. Se ajustó con éxito un modelo de crecimiento sigmoide para la biomasa seca total, pseudotallo y cormo. La planta de banano absorbió al final del ciclo de cultivo 437.75 kg ha-1 de N, 24.29 kg ha-1 de P y 1019.82 kg ha-1 de K, 6.03 kg ha-1 de Fe, 0.57 kg ha-1 de Mn, 105.17 g ha- 1 de Cu, 9793.90 g ha- 1 de Zn y 333.78 g ha-1 de B; retornando al sistema 55 % de N, 63 % de P, 79 % de K, 81 % de Fe, 87 % de Mn, 87 % de Cu, 95 % de Zn y 75 % de B.
One of the most effective ways to establish an exact fertilization plan for a crop is through nutrient absorption studies. In the present experiment, the accumulation of different organs of biomass (fruit, leaves, pseudostems, corms, rachis and male flowers) for bananas (Musa AAA, Cavendish subgroup, Gran Enano clone) and the absorption of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg and B in different phenological stages (during 10 months of cultivation) was quantified. The study was conducted at EARTH University, located on the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The total dry biomass of the banana at month 10 was 27 529.30 kg ha-1, of which, the fruit represented 39 %, followed by the pseudostems with 28 % and the leaves with 19 %. A sigmoid growth model for the total dry biomass, pseudostems and corms was successfully fitted. At the end of the crop cycle, the banana plant absorbed 437.75 kg ha-1 of N, 24.29 kg ha-1 of P, 1019.82 kg ha-1 of K, 6.03 kg ha-1 of Fe, 0.57 kg ha-1 of Mn, 105.17 g ha-1 of Cu, 9793.90 g ha-1 of Zn and 333.78 kg ha1 of B; and it returned to the system 55 % of N, 63 % of P, 79 % of K, 81% of Fe, 87 % of Mn, 87 % of Cu, 95 % of Zn and 75 % of B.
One of the most effective ways to establish an exact fertilization plan for a crop is through nutrient absorption studies. In the present experiment, the accumulation of different organs of biomass (fruit, leaves, pseudostems, corms, rachis and male flowers) for bananas (Musa AAA, Cavendish subgroup, Gran Enano clone) and the absorption of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg and B in different phenological stages (during 10 months of cultivation) was quantified. The study was conducted at EARTH University, located on the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The total dry biomass of the banana at month 10 was 27 529.30 kg ha-1, of which, the fruit represented 39 %, followed by the pseudostems with 28 % and the leaves with 19 %. A sigmoid growth model for the total dry biomass, pseudostems and corms was successfully fitted. At the end of the crop cycle, the banana plant absorbed 437.75 kg ha-1 of N, 24.29 kg ha-1 of P, 1019.82 kg ha-1 of K, 6.03 kg ha-1 of Fe, 0.57 kg ha-1 of Mn, 105.17 g ha-1 of Cu, 9793.90 g ha-1 of Zn and 333.78 kg ha1 of B; and it returned to the system 55 % of N, 63 % of P, 79 % of K, 81% of Fe, 87 % of Mn, 87 % of Cu, 95 % of Zn and 75 % of B.
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Palabras clave
BANANOS, MUSA (BANANOS), ABSORCION DE NUTRIMENTOS, NUTRICION DE LAS PLANTAS, COSTA RICA