Producción de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) bajo un sistema de fertirriego en el trópico húmedo.
Fecha
2021-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El cambio climático ha forzado a los agricultores a adaptarse a nuevos cultivos y tiempos de siembra, además de adoptar paquetes tecnológicos que les permitan monitorear los cultivos de manera más detallada para optimizar la producción y el uso de recursos. El trópico húmedo de Costa Rica es una zona característica por tener temporadas fuertes de lluvia con cambios de temperatura bruscos, donde el manejo agronómico representa un factor importante para sacar adelante un cultivo. La sandía es un cultivo que a nivel de Costa Rica es mayormente sembrado en el trópico seco debido a que es susceptible usando herramientas como fertirriego y mulch y siguiendo planes nutricionales estrictos. Este proyecto fue un seguimiento de una siembra realizada de junio a septiembre del año 2020 en la Universidad EARTH ubicada en el trópico húmedo, y tuvo la finalidad de producir sandía durante los meses de febrero a mayo con dos dosis nutricionales utilizando fertirriego y herramientas de precisión, para comparar el rendimiento al obtenido en la producción 2020. A pesar de que el proyecto 2021 no fue exitoso productivamente debido a que fue afectado por un hongo, se obtuvo datos que demuestran cómo se dieron en patrones climáticos diferentes durante los proyectos y cómo esto fue un factor determinante en los eventos ocurridos a lo largo del ciclo de producción. En el ciclo productivo de sandía de 2021 se presentaron valores de precipitación acumulados más altos hacia el tiempo de floración y cosecha, y la temperatura promedio fue de hasta 2.0 °C menor que el ciclo productivo de 2020. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas fue fundamental para comparar los proyectos y dar una idea del ambiente en el que se desarrolló el cultivo. Si bien es importante adaptar un cultivo como la sandía al trópico húmedo, debe tomarse en cuenta el momento de siembra en base a las condiciones climáticas óptimas.
Climate change has forced farmers to adapt to new crops and planting times, in addition to adopting technological packages which allows them to monitor crops closer in details to optimize production and use of resources. The humid tropic of Costa Rica is characterized for having a heavy rainy seasons with sudden changes in temperature, where agronomic management is a key factor to carry out a crop. In Costa Rica, watermelon is a crop that is mostly grown in the dry tropics because of its susceptibility to adverse conditions, using tools such as fertigation, mulch and following strict nutritional plans. This project was a follow-up of a project carried out from June to September 2020 at EARTH University located in the humid tropical region and had the purpose of producing watermelon during the months of February to May with two nutritional doses using fertigation and precision tools, to compare the performance to that obtained in the 2020 production. Although the 2021 project was not productively successful because it was affected by a fungal disease, data was obtained that demonstrate the occurrence of the two projects in different weather patterns and how this was a determining factor in the events that occurred throughout the production cycle. In the 2021 watermelon production cycle, higher accumulated precipitation values were presented towards the flowering and harvest time, and the average temperature was up to 2.0 ° C lower than the 2020 production cycle. The use of technological tools was essential for compare the projects and give an idea of the environment in which the crop was developed. Although it is important to adapt a crop such as watermelon to the humid tropics, the time of sowing must be considered based on the optimal climatic conditions.
Climate change has forced farmers to adapt to new crops and planting times, in addition to adopting technological packages which allows them to monitor crops closer in details to optimize production and use of resources. The humid tropic of Costa Rica is characterized for having a heavy rainy seasons with sudden changes in temperature, where agronomic management is a key factor to carry out a crop. In Costa Rica, watermelon is a crop that is mostly grown in the dry tropics because of its susceptibility to adverse conditions, using tools such as fertigation, mulch and following strict nutritional plans. This project was a follow-up of a project carried out from June to September 2020 at EARTH University located in the humid tropical region and had the purpose of producing watermelon during the months of February to May with two nutritional doses using fertigation and precision tools, to compare the performance to that obtained in the 2020 production. Although the 2021 project was not productively successful because it was affected by a fungal disease, data was obtained that demonstrate the occurrence of the two projects in different weather patterns and how this was a determining factor in the events that occurred throughout the production cycle. In the 2021 watermelon production cycle, higher accumulated precipitation values were presented towards the flowering and harvest time, and the average temperature was up to 2.0 ° C lower than the 2020 production cycle. The use of technological tools was essential for compare the projects and give an idea of the environment in which the crop was developed. Although it is important to adapt a crop such as watermelon to the humid tropics, the time of sowing must be considered based on the optimal climatic conditions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
SANDIA, CITRULLUS LANATUS, FERTIRRIGACION, TROPICOS HUMEDOS