Desalinización de agua de mar usando energía solar
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2016-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El objetivo de este proyecto era desarrollar dos prototipos solares a escala piloto para la desalinización de agua del mar extraídas de la playa caldera Costa Rica. Debido a que esta investigación es de tipo experimental, el presente documento se ejecuta mediante el análisis del funcionamiento y eficiencia de los prototipos de desalinizador solar a escala piloto donde el primero fue diseñado y construido utilizando un tubo de colector solar térmico con un 39 cm de ancho y 39 cm de longitud, láminas de vidrio de 4 mm de espesor, bandeja con acero inoxidable y base de soporte de madera para los tubos térmicos. El segundo prototipo, fue un sistema sencillo, donde fue diseñado y construido con un 40 cm de ancho y 40 cm de longitud, láminas de vidrio de 4 mm de espesor. Además ambos prototipos fueron monitoreados durante una semana para determinar la eficiencia de dichos sistemas. Se realizaron mediciones, tales como la cantidad de agua producida en un tiempo determinado y por último las características químicas del agua destilada Se obtuvo como resultado de las mediciones la disminución de sólidos totales de 35 911 mg/L a 3,45 mg/L, disminución de pH 7,87 a 7, disminución en la turbidez 5,88 UNT a 4,2 UNT. La producción de agua en el prototipo con tubos de colector solar fue más alta que en el prototipo simple por lo tanto no se pudo analizar éste último. Según los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el prototipo con tubos de colectores solares estudiado es eficiente, esto implica que puede ser presentado como una solución de fácil operación y mantenimiento, económica, y auto-sostenible con el medio ambiente.
The objective of this project was to develop two pilot-scale solar prototypes for the desalination of seawater extracted from the Caldera beach in Costa Rica. The research that was conducted is of an experimental type, that was executed by analyzing the operation and efficiency of prototypes of pilot scale solar desalinator where the first one was designed and constructed using a tube of solar thermal collector with a 39 cm of Width and 39 cm in length, 4 mm thick glass sheets, stainless steel tray and wooden support base for thermal tubes. The second prototype was a simple system, where it was designed and built using a 40 cm wide and 40 cm long, glass sheets 4 mm thick. In addition, both prototypes were monitored for 1 week to determine the efficiency of such systems. Measurements were made, such as the amount of water produced in a given time and finally the chemical characteristics of the distilled water. As a result of the measurements the total solids decrease from 35 911 mg/L to 3.45 mg/L, decrease from pH 7.87 to 7, and decrease in turbidity 5.88 UNT to 4.2 UNT. The production of water in the prototype with tubes of solar collector was higher than in the simple prototype therefore could not be analyzed the latter. According to the results obtained it is concluded that the prototype with tubes of solar collectors studied is efficient, this implies that it can be presented as a solution of easy operation and maintenance, economic, and self-sustainable with the environment.
The objective of this project was to develop two pilot-scale solar prototypes for the desalination of seawater extracted from the Caldera beach in Costa Rica. The research that was conducted is of an experimental type, that was executed by analyzing the operation and efficiency of prototypes of pilot scale solar desalinator where the first one was designed and constructed using a tube of solar thermal collector with a 39 cm of Width and 39 cm in length, 4 mm thick glass sheets, stainless steel tray and wooden support base for thermal tubes. The second prototype was a simple system, where it was designed and built using a 40 cm wide and 40 cm long, glass sheets 4 mm thick. In addition, both prototypes were monitored for 1 week to determine the efficiency of such systems. Measurements were made, such as the amount of water produced in a given time and finally the chemical characteristics of the distilled water. As a result of the measurements the total solids decrease from 35 911 mg/L to 3.45 mg/L, decrease from pH 7.87 to 7, and decrease in turbidity 5.88 UNT to 4.2 UNT. The production of water in the prototype with tubes of solar collector was higher than in the simple prototype therefore could not be analyzed the latter. According to the results obtained it is concluded that the prototype with tubes of solar collectors studied is efficient, this implies that it can be presented as a solution of easy operation and maintenance, economic, and self-sustainable with the environment.
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TRATAMIENTO DEL AGUA, DESALINIZACION, AGUA DE MAR, ENERGIA SOLAR