Evaluación de productos biológicos comerciales sobre la población de nematodos, salud radical y variables de crecimiento en el cultivar Gran Enano (Musa AAA).
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2021-12
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Universidad EARTH
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar productos comerciales biológicos elaborados a base de Trichoderma, Pochonia y bioestimulantes, sobre el crecimiento, la salud radical y la dinámica poblacional de fitonematodos de una plantación establecida de banano cultivar Gran Enano (Musa AAA), del proyecto MUSA, Horizonte 2020, en la Universidad EARTH. El diseño experimental usado fue de bloques completamente al azar con ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Para las variables de la salud radical se midieron: índice de salud radical (ISR), índice de necrosis (% IN), porcentaje de raíces vivas (% RV), porcentaje de raíces muertas (% RM) y diámetro de raíces (ØR). Con relación a las variables de crecimiento se evaluaron la altura de la planta, diámetro del pseudotallo y número de hojas. Se realizaron siete mediciones quincenales para las variables de crecimiento y tres muestreos bimensuales de raíces para determinar la población de fitonematodos y la salud radical. Los resultados indicaron que Radopholus similis fue el nematodo predominante con un 78,9 % respecto a los fitonematodos totales, seguido de Meloidogyne incognita y Helicotylenchus multicinctus. Los tratamientos ENDO 4 (Trichoderma asperellum) y Trichoderma atroviride redujeron significativamente la población de R. similis registrando 1822 y 4622 nematodos/100 g de raíces respectivamente en comparación con el Testigo y Musacare que alcanzaron las mayores poblaciones alcanzando 21 955 y 30 622 nematodos respectivamente. Con relación a la salud radical, porcentaje de raíces vivas y muertas, así como para el índice de necrosis y diámetro de las raíces no se registraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Para las variables de crecimiento vegetativo, altura, circunferencia del pseudotallo y número de hojas tampoco se registraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos.
The current research had the objective of evaluating commercial biological products developed from Trichoderma, Pochonia and biostimulants regarding the growth, root health, and population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) in an established banana plantation of the variety Gran Nain (Musa AAA) of the MUSA Project, Horizonte 2020, at EARTH University. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and three repetitions. For the variables of radical health, the following aspects were measured: root health index (ISR), necrosis index (IN), percentage of living roots (% RV), percentage of dead roots (% RM) and diameter of roots (ØR). In relation to the growth variables, the aspects measured were the height of the plant, the diameter of the pseudostem and the number of leaves. Seven biweekly measurements and three bimonthly root samplings were carried out to determine the population of plant parasitic nematodes and the root health. The results indicated that the predominant nematode was Radopholus similis with 78,9 % of the total PPN, followed by Meloidogyne incognita and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. The treatments ENDO 4 (Trichoderma asperellum) and Trichoderma atroviride significantly reduced the population of R. similis registering 1 822 and 4 622 nematodes per 100 g of roots, respectively, compared to the control treatment and Musacare, which reached the highest populations: 21 955 and 30 622 nematodes, respectively. Regarding root health, living and dead root percentage, necrosis index and diameter of root, there were no significant differences registered among the treatments. Concerning the variables of vegetative growth, height, circumference of pseudostem and number of leaves, there were no significant differences found among the treatments.
The current research had the objective of evaluating commercial biological products developed from Trichoderma, Pochonia and biostimulants regarding the growth, root health, and population dynamics of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) in an established banana plantation of the variety Gran Nain (Musa AAA) of the MUSA Project, Horizonte 2020, at EARTH University. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with eight treatments and three repetitions. For the variables of radical health, the following aspects were measured: root health index (ISR), necrosis index (IN), percentage of living roots (% RV), percentage of dead roots (% RM) and diameter of roots (ØR). In relation to the growth variables, the aspects measured were the height of the plant, the diameter of the pseudostem and the number of leaves. Seven biweekly measurements and three bimonthly root samplings were carried out to determine the population of plant parasitic nematodes and the root health. The results indicated that the predominant nematode was Radopholus similis with 78,9 % of the total PPN, followed by Meloidogyne incognita and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. The treatments ENDO 4 (Trichoderma asperellum) and Trichoderma atroviride significantly reduced the population of R. similis registering 1 822 and 4 622 nematodes per 100 g of roots, respectively, compared to the control treatment and Musacare, which reached the highest populations: 21 955 and 30 622 nematodes, respectively. Regarding root health, living and dead root percentage, necrosis index and diameter of root, there were no significant differences registered among the treatments. Concerning the variables of vegetative growth, height, circumference of pseudostem and number of leaves, there were no significant differences found among the treatments.
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NEMATODOS PARASITOS DE PLANTAS, CONTROL BIOLOGICO, TRICHODERMA, POCHONIA CHLAMYDOSPORIA, MUSA AAA, BANANOS, RADOPHOLUS SIMILIS, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA, HELICOTYLENCHUS MULTICINCTUS