Implementación y evaluación de un modelo de producción de Tenebrio molitor L. 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) para consumo humano.
Fecha
2021-12
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Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El aumento de la población mundial ha provocado una mayor demanda de alimentos. Los altos costos para su obtención, principalmente a nivel ambiental, han llevado a la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas que permitan el reemplazo de las fuentes convencionales, principalmente en lo que respecta a las proteínas, que es de los sectores que demandan mayor cantidad de proteínas en los sistemas de producción animal. Es así como se habla de los insectos como una práctica ancestral que podría comenzar a satisfacer esta demanda de nutrientes a nivel mundial, principalmente para los sectores desafiados por la accesibilidad. Los insectos generan una gran cantidad de proteína con una cantidad muy baja de recursos y con un impacto ambiental mínimo, son fáciles de criar y mantener, además que pueden desarrollarse en casi cualquier espacio. Pensando en la practicidad de un criadero a pequeña escala se estableció un sistema de producción de Tenebrio molitor, apto para consumo humano, del cual se evaluaron sus características de manejo, conversión alimenticia y ganancia de peso mediante tres tratamientos diferentes: harina de soja, destilado de maíz y dieta para gallinas ponedoras, comparadas con avena, el testigo. Se realizó un análisis microbiológico donde se determinó que el producto generado es apto para consumo humano. Además de evaluar el rendimiento del procesamiento del tenebrio y estimando los costos, pensando en el consumo y comercialización del producto generado. El tratamiento que mejor respondió a los parámetros analizados fue el T3 (alimento balanceado para gallinas ponedoras), pero es preferible que se integre con Ta (avena) para que se complementen nutricionalmente y no presente complicaciones en el manejo de los insectos.
The increase in the world population has caused a greater demand for food. The high costs of obtaining it, mainly at the environmental level, has led to the search for new alternatives that allow the replacement of conventional sources, mainly about proteins, which is one of the sectors that demand the highest number of proteins in animal production systems. This is how insects are spoken of as an ancestral practice that could begin to satisfy this demand for nutrients worldwide, mainly for sectors that challenge accessibility. Insects generate a large amount of protein with a very low number of resources and with minimal environmental impact, they are easy to breed and maintain, and they can thrive in almost any space. Thinking about the practicality of a small-scale hatchery, a Tenebrio molitor production system was established, suitable for human consumption, of which its handling characteristics, feed conversion and weight gain were evaluated through three different treatments: soybean meal, distillate of corn and diet for laying hens, and compared with oats, the control. A microbiological analysis was carried out where it was determined that the generated product is suitable for human consumption. In addition to evaluating the performance of the processing of the tenebrio and estimating the costs, thinking about the consumption and commercialization of the generated product. The treatment that best responded to the analyzed parameters was T3 (balanced feed for laying hens), but it is preferable that it be integrated with Ta (oats) so that they are nutritionally supplemented and do not present complications in the handling of insects.
The increase in the world population has caused a greater demand for food. The high costs of obtaining it, mainly at the environmental level, has led to the search for new alternatives that allow the replacement of conventional sources, mainly about proteins, which is one of the sectors that demand the highest number of proteins in animal production systems. This is how insects are spoken of as an ancestral practice that could begin to satisfy this demand for nutrients worldwide, mainly for sectors that challenge accessibility. Insects generate a large amount of protein with a very low number of resources and with minimal environmental impact, they are easy to breed and maintain, and they can thrive in almost any space. Thinking about the practicality of a small-scale hatchery, a Tenebrio molitor production system was established, suitable for human consumption, of which its handling characteristics, feed conversion and weight gain were evaluated through three different treatments: soybean meal, distillate of corn and diet for laying hens, and compared with oats, the control. A microbiological analysis was carried out where it was determined that the generated product is suitable for human consumption. In addition to evaluating the performance of the processing of the tenebrio and estimating the costs, thinking about the consumption and commercialization of the generated product. The treatment that best responded to the analyzed parameters was T3 (balanced feed for laying hens), but it is preferable that it be integrated with Ta (oats) so that they are nutritionally supplemented and do not present complications in the handling of insects.
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INSECTOS COMO COMIDA, NUTRICION HUMANA, PROTEINAS