Production yield of Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricales: Pleurotaceae) using agricultural organic wastes as substrates.

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2020-12
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Universidad EARTH
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Edible mushrooms are one of the easiest crops to grow and in some countries; mushrooms has been considered as a cash crop. There are many ways to grow mushrooms with different systems, the most common one is the use of substrates such as wood chips, straw hay, and rice husks. The objective of this investigation is to examine the alternative uses of agro-industry wastes by considering the circular economy to grow mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) using seven different substrates. Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to the family of Pleurotaceae. This specie is the second most-produced and third-largest commercialized mushroom worldwide. The experiment used seven substrates to grow edible mushrooms with five repetitions each, the substrates were coconut waste; pineapple waste; coffee husks; Coconut waste mixed with pineapple waste; coconut waste mixed with coffee waste; coffee waste mixed with pineapple waste, and straw hay as control. There was no significant difference (p > 0,05) in coffee; PC (pineapple and coconut), CC (coffee and coconut), and CP (coffee and pineapple). However, the variation of the amount of fruit bodies produced has shown that statistically there were significant differences between each of the substrates, and coconut was the one that had the greatest variation in comparison to the others, where the rest of the substrates presented low variations. In addition, the production yield had a significant difference (P= 0,0001), the highest yield was observed in coconut substrate with an average of 27 g, the pineapple was the second, however, coffee, CC, and CP did not produce due to various factors which were not identified, for instance caffeine concentration is one of the factors that may inhabit the grow of mycelium. This project came to the conclusion that coconut waste was the best with the highest production yield compared to the rest of the substrates and even to the straw hay as the most common substrate that is being used in the cultivation of mushroom. To avoid any kind of contaminants or other factors that might lead to contamination, it is highly recommended to maintain a high level of hygienic, especially production place, equipment and to use good quality of inoculants (seeds) which support to improve productivity.


Los hongos comestibles son uno de los cultivos mĆ”s fĆ”ciles de cultivar y en algunos paĆ­ses; las setas se han considerado un cultivo comercial. Existen muchas formas de cultivar hongos comestibles con diferentes sistemas, los mĆ”s comunes son el uso de sustratos como astillas de madera, heno de paja y cascarilla de arroz. El objetivo de esta investigaciĆ³n es examinar los usos alternativos de los residuos de la agroindustria considerando la economĆ­a circular para cultivar hongos (Pleurotus ostreatus) utilizando siete sustratos diferentes. Pleurotus ostreatus pertenece a la familia de las Pleurotaceae. Esta especies el segundo hongo mĆ”s producido y el tercero mĆ”s comercializado en el mundo. El experimento utilizĆ³ siete sustratos para cultivar hongos comestibles con cinco repeticiones cada uno, los sustratos son residuos de coco; residuos de piƱa; cĆ”scaras de cafĆ©; residuo de coco mezclado con residuo de piƱa; residuo de coco mezclado con cĆ”scaras de cafĆ©; residuo de coco mezclado con residuo de piƱa y heno de paja como control. No hubo diferencia significativa (p> 0,05). PC (piƱa y coco), CC (cafĆ© y coco) y CP (cafĆ© y piƱa). Sin embargo, la variaciĆ³n de la cantidad de cuerpos fructĆ­feros producidos, ha demostrado que estadĆ­sticamente hubo diferencias significativas entre cada uno de los sustratos, siendo el coco el que presentĆ³ mayor variaciĆ³n en comparaciĆ³n con los demĆ”s, donde el resto de sustratos presentĆ³ variaciones bajas. AdemĆ”s, para la producciĆ³n de rendimiento, hubo una diferencia significativa donde P = 0, 0001, los rendimientos mĆ”s altos se observaron en el sustrato de coco con un promedio de 27 g, la piƱa fue la segunda, sin embargo, el cafĆ©, CC y CP no hubo rendimiento debido a la contaminaciĆ³n de los sustratos que habitaban el crecimiento del micelio. En este proyecto se llegĆ³ a la conclusiĆ³n de que el de coco era el mejor con mayor rendimiento de producciĆ³n en comparaciĆ³n con el resto de sustratos e incluso con el heno de paja como sustrato mĆ”s comĆŗn que se estĆ” utilizando en el cultivo de hongos. Para evitar cualquier tipo de contaminantes u otros factores que puedan conducir a la contaminaciĆ³n, es muy recomendable mantener un alto nivel de higiene, especialmente en el lugar de producciĆ³n, equipos y utilizar inoculantes (semillas) de buena calidad que ayuden a mejorar la productividad.

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SETAS COMESTIBLES, PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS, SUSTRATOS, DESECHOS ORGANICOS, RESIDUOS DE COSECHAS
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