Diseño de finca basado en prácticas regenerativas apoyado de herramientas geoespaciales.
Fecha
2020-12
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad EARTH
Resumen
El proyecto busca cambiar las prácticas agropecuarias actuales de una finca ubicada en Turrialba. Debido a que sobre esta se ha utilizado un sistema de agricultura convencional se ha generado degradación en los suelos provocado por el alto uso de agroquímicos y mal manejo de los recursos. En este momento la propiedad esta dividida en dos partes, bosque secundario y área de pasturas, esta zona esta principalmente cubierta del pasto Brachiaria decumbems, y esta subdividido en 17 potreros de diferente tamaño. Para solucionar esta situación se propone un nuevo diseño de acomodo en la propiedad el cual se basó en prácticas regenerativas. En el diseño se incluyeron cuatro sistemas de producción, tales como Diseño Keyline, Permacultura, Manejo Holístico y Agricultura Sintrópica. El primer paso fue incorporar las prácticas en un solo modelo con el cual se logró una integración y un equilibrio del sistema. El segundo fue apoyar las practicas con herramientas geoespaciales, incluyendo un GPS, un dron, y softwares en los cuales se realizó el procesamiento de datos para generar nuevas capas en las cuales se basó el diseño regenerativo. En cuanto a los resultados se creó una ortofoto de la propiedad con la cual se determinó el uso actual de la tierra, además se generó un modelo digital de elevación con el cual se realizó un análisis de pendiente, formas de terreno y curvas de nivel. Seguido se hizo un análisis de la propiedad usando principios de permacultura para identificar sectores, zonas y topografía. Además, una incorporación del diseño keyline para generar un patrón de cultivo, ubicar reservas de agua y una nueva orientación de los potreros. También se elaboró un acomodo de un sistema agroforestal basado en Agricultura Sintrópica el cual toma en consideración el espacio de una planta dentro de los estratos refiriéndose a su altura y a la sucesión que es el cambio con respecto al tiempo y al crecimiento de las especies asociadas. Por último, se toma en cuenta el Manejo Holistico con el cual se establecería un pastoreo planificado el cual permite variar el tamaño de los potreros dependiendo la disponibilidad de pasto.
The project seeks to change the current agricultural practices of a farm located in Turrialba. Due to the fact that a conventional agricultural system has been used on this property, soil degradation has been generated caused by the high use of agrochemicals and poor management of resources. At this time, the property is divided into two parts, secondary forest and pasture area, this area is mainly covered with Brachiaria decumbems grass, and is subdivided into 17 paddocks of different sizes. To solve this situation, a new accommodation design is proposed in the property which was based on regenerative practices. Four production systems were included in the design, such as Keyline Design, Permaculture, Holistic Management and Syntropic Agriculture. The first step was to incorporate the practices into a single model with which an integration and balance of the system was achieved. The second was to support practices with geospatial tools, including a GPS, a drone, and software on which data processing was performed to generate new layers on which the regenerative design was based. Regarding the results, an orthophoto of the property was created with which the current use of the land was determined, in addition a digital elevation model was generated with which an analysis of the slope, terrain forms and contour lines was carried out. This was followed by an analysis of the property using permaculture principles to identify sectors, zones and topography. In addition, an incorporation of the keyline design to generate a cultivation pattern, locate water reservoirs and a new orientation of the paddocks. An arrangement of an agroforestry system based on Syntropic Agriculture was also elaborated which takes into consideration the space of a plant within the strata, referring to its height and the succession that is the change with respect to time and the growth of the associated species. Finally, Holistic Management is taken into account, with which a planned grazing would be established, which allows varying the size of the paddocks depending on the availability of grass.
The project seeks to change the current agricultural practices of a farm located in Turrialba. Due to the fact that a conventional agricultural system has been used on this property, soil degradation has been generated caused by the high use of agrochemicals and poor management of resources. At this time, the property is divided into two parts, secondary forest and pasture area, this area is mainly covered with Brachiaria decumbems grass, and is subdivided into 17 paddocks of different sizes. To solve this situation, a new accommodation design is proposed in the property which was based on regenerative practices. Four production systems were included in the design, such as Keyline Design, Permaculture, Holistic Management and Syntropic Agriculture. The first step was to incorporate the practices into a single model with which an integration and balance of the system was achieved. The second was to support practices with geospatial tools, including a GPS, a drone, and software on which data processing was performed to generate new layers on which the regenerative design was based. Regarding the results, an orthophoto of the property was created with which the current use of the land was determined, in addition a digital elevation model was generated with which an analysis of the slope, terrain forms and contour lines was carried out. This was followed by an analysis of the property using permaculture principles to identify sectors, zones and topography. In addition, an incorporation of the keyline design to generate a cultivation pattern, locate water reservoirs and a new orientation of the paddocks. An arrangement of an agroforestry system based on Syntropic Agriculture was also elaborated which takes into consideration the space of a plant within the strata, referring to its height and the succession that is the change with respect to time and the growth of the associated species. Finally, Holistic Management is taken into account, with which a planned grazing would be established, which allows varying the size of the paddocks depending on the availability of grass.
Descripción
Palabras clave
UTILIZACION DE LA TIERRA, SISTEMAS DE INFORMACION GEOGRAFICA, AGRICULTURA DE TRANSICION, PERMACULTURA, DEGRADACION DEL SUELO